Multiplication in vitro du noisetier (Corylus avellana L.)

La micropropagation, si elle permet la mise à disposition rapide des nouveaux cultivars issus des programmes d’amélioration, deviendra un facteur important pour l’évolution du verger de noisetier. Sur matériel jeune, il a été possible d’obtenir, à partir de bourgeons axillaires, un taux de multiplication intéressant, en apportant le fer sous forme d’un chélate du commerce peu utilisé en culture in vitro ; l’enracinement et le transfert des plants sur substrat normal ne soulèvent pas de problème particulier. Malgré les résultats encourageants obtenus avec matériel adulte, des améliorations doivent encore être apportées à la technique, avant d’envisager une utilisation intensive.If new cultivars of hazel are to be distributed more rapidly than through horticultural methods, in vitro propagation will have to be considered as an important factor in future developments. From young material, it was possible to obtain a good multiplication rate without special problems for rooting or establishment in soil. To promote multiplication of axillary buds ; best results were obtained with Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with Zuccherelli vitamins, NAA, GA and benzylaminopurine at concentrations 0,01, 0.1 and 5 mg/l. The nature of the iron supply seemed to be very important : thus Fe EDTA gave poor results with very chlorotic shoots, while Sequestrene 138 Fe (Ciba-Geigy) gave better results. From adult material, some fairly good results were obtained with the same culture medium but the method has to be improved for an intensive use