小特集：磁場閉じ込め核融合装置における水素原子分子輸送研究の新展開 ３．表面分析と分光計測によって明らかになった 水素原子分子の炉内分布と輸送

プラズマ対向壁の水素吸蔵・放出を評価するための表面・再堆積層・バルクの水素輸送モデルとそのQUESTプラズマ対向壁への適用，およびその結果から構築した炉内粒子循環モデルとQUEST長時間放電に対する解析を紹介する．水素分子の発光スペクトル計測によるQUEST 第一壁近傍やLHD ダイバータ領域における水素分子回転温度計測を紹介する．水素原子の発光スペクトル計測による周辺から炉心までの水素原子輸送ダイナミクスの計測およびそのプラズマ閉じ込めとの関連について紹介する

Investigations of the radial propagation of blob-like structure in a non-confined electron cyclotron resonance heated plasma on Q-shu University Experiment with a Steady-State Spherical Tokamak

A study of radial propagation and electric fields induced by charge separation in blob-like structures has been performed in a non-confined cylindrical electron cyclotron resonance heating plasma on Q-shu University Experiment with a Steady-State Spherical Tokamak using a fast-speed camera and a Langmuir probe. The radial propagation of the blob-like structures is found to be driven by E × B drift. Moreover, these blob-like structures were found to have been accelerated, and the property of the measured radial velocities agrees with the previously proposed model [C. Theiler et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 065001 (2009)]. Although the dependence of the radial velocity on the connection length of the magnetic field appeared to be different, a plausible explanation based on enhanced short-circuiting of the current path can be proposed

Targeted therapy against Bcl-2-related proteins in breast cancer cells

INTRODUCTION: Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL confer resistance to apoptosis, thereby reducing the effectiveness of chemotherapy. We examined the relationship between the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells, with the aim of developing specific targeted therapy. METHODS: Four human breast cancer cell lines were examined, and the effects of antisense (AS) Bcl-2 and AS Bcl-xL phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on chemosensitivity were tested in vitro and in vivo. Chemosensitivity was evaluated by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay, and the antitumor effect was assessed in vivo by the success of xenograft transplantation into athymic mice. RESULTS: Treatment with AS Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL ODNs resulted in a sequence-specific decrease in protein expression, compared with controls. Treatment of BT-474, ZR-75-1, and MDA-MB-231 cells with AS Bcl-2 increased chemosensitivity to doxorubicin (DOX), mitomycin C (MMC), paclitaxel (TXL), and docetaxel (TXT). Transfection of the Bcl-2 gene into MDA-MB-453 cells decreased sensitivity to DOX and MMC. Treatment of MDA-MB-231, BT-474, and ZR-75-1 cells with AS Bcl-xL increased chemosensitivity to DOX, MMC and taxanes to a smaller extent than AS Bcl-2. This occurred in the setting of increased Bax and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, as well as decreased Bcl-2 and pAkt. AS Bcl-2 ODNs induced splenomegaly in association with increased serum IL-12, which was attenuated by methylation of the CpG motifs of AS Bcl-2; however, methylated CpG failed to negate the increased antitumor effect of AS Bcl-2. Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, to a smaller extent, are major determinants of chemosensitivity in breast cancer cells. CONCLUSION: Targeted therapy against Bcl-2 protein with the use of AS ODNs might enhance the effects of chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer

セイサツ ト キョウドウ オ シエン スル ガッコウ カイゼン プログラム ノ カイハツテキ ケンキュウ 2 : プログラム ノ コウセイ ト ジッシ テジュン

We have been developing the school improvement program which supports teachers\u27 reflection and cooperation. The aim of thie articles is to report the basic components and its procedure of the program (core-progoram). Our program focused the improvement from the inside of schools. We regarded the improvement started by teachers as important. We gave an attention to the teachers\u27 side of \u27producer of knowledge\u27 as well as the side of \u27consumer of knowledge.\u27 We think the keys towards school improvement are each teacher\u27s autonomous problem finding and teachers\u27 collaboration to seek causes and resolution. Basically, our program was composed of two sequential and circular processes. Those were 1) support of each teacher\u27s reflection about their faced problems (reflection process), and 2) support of examining those problems and finding resolution through teachers\u27 interaction (cooperation process). Reflection process had five stages, 1) recording facts and recall of problems, 2) focusing into a central problem, 3) inquiry into causes, 4) planning for the problem resolution, and 5) executing and evaluation. Cooperation process was composed of three principles. Those are 1) sharing the problems based on facts, 2) examination which respects each teacher\u27s awareness of importance of problems, and 3) equal and horizontal communication. We have been developing the tools and procedures of core-program for six years.In this article, we explained examples of the tools and procedures applied to group of teachers in a grade, and to group of teachers in the whole school.国立情報学研究所『研究紀要公開支援事業』により電子化

QUEST壁モデルによる定常粒子バランス研究

QUEST which was constructed as plasma boundary device in Kyushu University is aimed to make a steady state operation of spherical tokamak. Recently, plasma facing surface on QUEST was intensively investigated and presence of plasma-induced thin film has been confirmed. The thin film plays essential role in particle balance on steady state condition. In this report, I will describe the effect on the thin film in steady state operation using the QUEST wall model.1.序文 / 2.核融合実験装置における粒子バランス研究の現

QUEST壁モデルによるPWI件究

QUEST which was constructed as plasma boundary device in Kyushu University is aimed to actively control plasma wall interaction (PWI) related issues such as particle off-balance that is the main reason to collapse the longest time-duration tokamak discharge of 5 h 16 m established in the superconducting tokamak, TRIAM-1M. In this report, I will describe the PWI-related research activities addressing on QUEST

Hydrogen Permeation through Sputter-Deposited Tungsten Coated F82H in QUEST

Hydrogen plasma-driven permeation (PDP) experiments have been performed using a sputter-deposited tungsten (SP-W) coated F82H membrane in the spherical tokamak QUEST. It has been found that SP-W coatings tend to enhance hydrogen PDP compared with that of bare F82H membrane. Surface recombination is a key process determining the PDP flux, suggesting that surface effects on hydrogen PDP should be further investigated