63,989 research outputs found
Can Synergy in Triple-Helix Relations be Quantified? A Review of the Development of the Triple-Helix Indicator
Triple-Helix arrangements of bi- and trilateral relations can be considered
as adaptive eco-systems. During the last decade, we have further developed a
Triple-Helix indicator of synergy as reduction of uncertainty in niches that
can be shaped among three or more distributions. Reduction of uncertainty can
be generated in correlations among distributions of relations, but this
(next-order) effect can be counterbalanced by uncertainty generated in the
relations. We first explain the indicator, and then review possible results
when this indicator is applied to (i) co-author networks of academic,
industrial, and governmental authors and (ii) synergies in the distributions of
firms over geographical addresses, technological classes, and industrial-size
classes for a number of nations. Co-variation is then considered as a measure
of relationship. The balance between globalizing and localizing dynamics can be
quantified. Too much synergy locally can also be considered as lock-in.
Tendencies are different for the globalizing knowledge dynamics versus locally
retaining wealth from knowledge in industrial innovations
Colour Change Measurements of Gravitational Microlensing Events by Using the Difference Image Analysis Method
Detecting colour changes of a gravitational microlensing event induced by the
limb-darkened extended source effect is important to obtain useful information
both about the lens and source star. However, precise measurements of the
colour changes are hampered by blending, which also causes colour changes of
the event. In this paper, we show that although the colour change measured from
the subtracted image by using the recently developed photometric method of the
``difference image analysis'' (DIA) differs from the colour change measured by
using the conventional method based on the extraction of the individual source
stars' point spread functions, the curve of the colour changes (colour curve)
constructed by using the DIA method enables one to obtain the same information
about the lens and source star, but with significantly reduced uncertainties
due to the absence of blending. We investigate the patterns of the DIA colour
curves for both single lens and binary lens events by constructing colour
change maps.Comment: total 8 pages, including 4 figures and no table, MNRAS, in pres
Color-Shift Measurement in Microlensing-Induced Stellar Variation from Future Space-Based Surveys
If a microlensing event is caused by a star, the event can exhibit change in
color due to the light from the lens. In the previous and current lensing
surveys, the color shift could not be used to constrain the lens population
because the blended light responsible for the color shift is mostly attributed
to nearby background stars rather than the lens. However, events to be observed
in future space-based surveys do not suffer from blending and thus the color
information can be used to constrain lenses. In this paper, we demonstrate the
usefulness of future surveys in measuring color shifts. By conducting
simulation of galactic lensing events based on the specification of a proposed
space-based lensing survey, we estimate that the shift in the color of
will be measured at 5 level for of events that occur on
source stars with apparent magnitudes brighter than . Color-shifted
events tend to have high magnifications and the lenses will have brightnesses
equivalent to those of source stars. The time scales of the color-shifted
events tend to be longer than those without color shifts. From the mass
distribution of lenses, we find that most of the color-shifted events will be
produced by stellar lenses with spectral types down to mid M-type main sequence
stars.Comment: 5 pages and 3 figure
Scaling of Coulomb pseudo-potential in s-wave narrow-band superconductors
The Coulomb pseudo-potential is extracted by fitting the numerically
calculated transition temperature of the Eliashberg-Nambu equation which
is extended to incorporate the narrow-band effects, that is, the vertex
correction and the frequency dependence of the screened Coulomb interaction. It
is shown that even for narrow-band superconductors, where the fermi energy is comparable with the phonon frequency , the Coulomb
pseudo-potential is a pertinent parameter, and is still given by , provided is
appropriately scaled.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication by Phys. Rev.
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