Whistle while you work : the role of mindset and mood on goal motivation

My dissertation investigates the interactive effects of mindset and mood on motivation in consumers’ goal striving. In seven studies, I find that for those in a process mindset, positive (vs. neutral) mood decreases motivation. Conversely, being in a positive (vs. neutral) mood leads to increased motivation for those in an outcome mindset. The reason for this is rooted in the mood-creativity link, which leads individuals to generate more activities, or means, by which a goal may be achieved when in a positive mood. For those in a process mindset, a large set of goal attainment activities decreases motivation because detailed implemental steps and processes alert people to the challenge in resource allocation. However, I find that outcome-oriented individuals view their goal attainment activities as opportunities or resources that will aid in goal achievement. As outcome-oriented individuals are less concerned about resource constraint, motivation increases in an outcome mindset even when a large number of activities are considered as means to attaining a goal.Marketin

Anti-faithfulness in Compounds

This paper argues that morpho-phonological alternations specific to compounds such as Rendaku in Japanese and gemination in Malayalam be accounted for in terms of transderivational anti-faithfulness developed by Alderete (1999, 2001). In the proposed analysis, compound-specific floating morphemes can be dispensed with by directly encoding the morpho-phonological alternations in the constraints that require a violation of faithfulness between morphologically related words and as a result, several problems that have been involved with those floating morphemes can be resolved

Minimal Word Structure and the Morphology-Phonology Mapping

This paper examines how prosodic domains are formed in Malayalam, Vedic and Japanese compounds. The three languages have the same pattern with regard to two-word compounds. However, they exhibit systematic differences with regard to compounds containing more than two elements. I propose that the prosodic differences can be accounted for by splitting the relevant constraints into constraints on word structure and constraints on prosodification, and ranking the two classes of constraints independently. It a and Mester's (1998) economy-based, minimal word structure is adopted for word structure assignment, and McCarthy and Prince's (1993) theory of Generalized Alignment for the morphology-phonology mapping. Malayalam and Vedic differ from Japanese in assigning word structure, specifically in the ranking between *Struc(Word) and *Struc(Stem); *Struc (Word) is ranked higher in Malayalam and Vedic, whereas *Struc(Stem) is ranked higher in Japanese. In contrast, in the morphology-phonology mapping, Vedic and Japanese are grouped together, isolating Malayalam. The difference results from the edge referred to in aligning the morphological word with the prosodic word. The left- edge al ignment plays a prominent role in Vedic and Japanese, while the right- edge alignment plays a comparable role in Malayalam

Prosodic Structure of Sino-Korean Words

This paper is concerned with the In/-0 alternation and the II/-/nl alternation in Sino-Korean compounds. Compounds of a free stem and a bound root center on the discussion of the paper since they show a conflict in dealing with those two phonological phenomena. Specifically, the analysis significantly hinges on the question of what prosodic structure is postulated for that kind of Sino-Korean compounds. This paper proposes to account for the relevant data by characterizing those compounds as having non-uniform prosodic structure and modifying the domain juncture constraint for the In/-0 alternation.This work was supported by Korea Research Foundation Grant (KRF-99-003-A00009)

The erythropoietin-derived peptide MK-X and erythropoietin have neuroprotective effects against ischemic brain damage

Erythropoietin (EPO) has been well known as a hematopoietic cytokine over the past decades. However, recent reports have demonstrated that EPO plays a neuroprotective role in the central nervous system, and EPO has been considered as a therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases such as ischemic stroke. Despite the neuroprotective effect of EPO, clinical trials have shown its unexpected side effects, including undesirable proliferative effects such as erythropoiesis and tumor growth. Therefore, the development of EPO analogs that would confer neuroprotection without adverse effects has been attempted. In this study, we examined the potential of a novel EPO-based short peptide, MK-X, as a novel drug for stroke treatment in comparison with EPO. We found that MK-X administration with reperfusion dramatically reduced brain injury in an in vivo mouse model of ischemic stroke induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion, whereas EPO had little effect. Similar to EPO, MK-X efficiently ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction followed by neuronal death caused by glutamate-induced oxidative stress in cultured neurons. Consistent with this effect, MK-X significantly decreased caspase-3 cleavage and nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor induced by glutamate. MK-X completely mimicked the effect of EPO on multiple activation of JAK2 and its downstream PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways, and this signaling process was involved in the neuroprotective effect of MK-X. Furthermore, MK-X and EPO induced similar changes in the gene expression patterns under glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Interestingly, the most significant difference between MK-X and EPO was that MK-X better penetrated into the brain across the brain-blood barrier than did EPO. In conclusion, we suggest that MK-X might be used as a novel drug for protection from brain injury caused by ischemic stroke, which penetrates into the brain faster in comparison with EPO, even though MK-X and EPO have similar protective effects against excitotoxicity.1

Scabies mimicking graft versus host disease in a hematopoietic cell transplant recipient

Scabies is a highly contagious skin infestation caused by the mite, Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. Complex responses to scabies mites in the innate, humoral, and cellular immune systems can cause skin inflammation and pruritus. Diagnosis can be challenging because scabies resembles other common skin conditions. We report the first Korean case of scabies in a hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipient, initially suspected of skin graft versus host disease (GVHD). A T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia patient underwent a sibling-matched allogeneic HCT and developed pruritus after cell engraftment. Treatment for GVHD did not improve the symptoms. He was diagnosed with scabies 30 days after the onset of symptoms

Prosodic Compounding in Japanese and Korean

Prosodic compounding in Japanese and Korean provides an argument for the theory that lexical prosodic constituents are formed on the basis of morphological structures (Cohn 1989, Inkelas 1989, Zsiga 1992). In this paper, it is proposed that two lexical prosodic categories-the prosodic root and the prosodic word-must be recognized to account for two distinct types of compounds in both languages. It is argued that such a distinction makes it possible to give a proper characterization for various phonological phenomena— the p/h alternation and the V/ø alternation in Japanese, and n-Insertion in Korean. This distinction also provides a straightforward analysis on the difference between the Seoul dialect and the Kyungsang dialect of Korean with regard to n-Insertion; the dialectal difference is derivable from the choice of prosodic domains. Apparent counterexamples—compounds that appear to consist of prosodic constituents of different types—turn out to belong to either of the two types. In Korean, these compounds are split into two classes depending on the prosodic type of the left constituent while in Japanese, all these compounds pattern with the prosodic-word compounds. This divergence between Japanese and Korean is attributed to the parametric difference in the recursiveness of the prosodic root; the prosodic root is recursive in Korean but not in Japanese

Early Childhood Education in Korea

This chapter discusses the state of early childhood education in South Korea and addresses socio-historical factors that have contributed to the development of early childhood education in the Korean context. It highlights conceptual frameworks on the cultural values and practices within families that have influenced the growth of early childhood education in Korea. The chapter discusses common curricular models and approaches to early childhood education in Korea, drawing on research studies to illustrate best practices and assessment of programmatic goals. It discusses early childhood teacher training programs and provides policy implications and future directions that are relevant to early childhood development and education, and early childhood teacher training. The chapter compares and contrasts preservice teacher training programs and in-service teacher professional development opportunities for early childhood teachers. It considers several approaches that could further benefit the creation, implementation, and maintenance of Korean early childhood education and care programs

Evaluation of the associations between immunoglobulin E levels and the number of natural teeth

Background/Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the association between the number of natural teeth and the total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), allergen-specific IgE against Dermatophagoides farina, allergen-specific IgE against cockroaches, or allergen-specific IgE against dogs with nationally representative data using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: This study involved a cross-sectional analysis using KNHANES data from 2010. A total of 1916 participants were eligible for this study. Multiple regression analyses were used to evaluate the risk of tooth loss in relation to IgE levels. The model was adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking habits, drinking habits, exercise habits, vitamin D levels, metabolic syndrome, allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and tooth-brushing frequency. Results: The number of natural teeth of the first quartile to the fourth quartile of total serum IgE were 25.9 ± 0.2, 25.9 ± 0.2, 25.1 ± 0.2, and 25.4 ± 0.2, respectively, showing an inverse association (P < 0.05). The number of natural teeth of the first quartile to the fourth quartile of allergen-specific IgE against Dermatophagoides farina and allergen-specific IgE against dogs farina both showed an inverse association with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study clearly showed the inverse association between total serum IgE and number of natural teeth after adjustments, especially regarding participants without systemic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, metabolic diseases, and obesity. Keywords: Allergy and immunology, Epidemiology, Health surveys, Immunoglobulin E, Natural teeth, Oral healt

Prevalence of liver fibrosis and associated risk factors in the Korean general population: a retrospective cross-sectional study

Objectives The health burden of chronic liver disease is increasing worldwide. Its main histological consequence is liver fibrosis, and eventually cirrhosis. This process is rarely diagnosed at the pre-cirrhotic stage due to it being asymptomatic. Little is known about the prevalence of liver fibrosis and associated risk factors in the general population. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and distribution of liver fibrosis using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), as well as the risk factors associated with liver fibrosis in the asymptomatic general population.Design, setting and participants This cross-sectional retrospective study consecutively selected subjects who underwent health check-ups including MRE at 13 health promotion centres in Korea between 2018 and 2020. Liver fibrosis was estimated using MRE with cut-off values for significant and advanced liver fibrosis of 2.90 and 3.60 kPa, respectively.Primary and secondary outcome measures The Χ2 test was used to compare the prevalence of liver fibrosis according to sex and age groups. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors for significant and advanced liver fibrosis.Results Among the 8183 subjects, 778 (9.5%) had ≥significant fibrosis (≥2.9 kPa), which included 214 (2.6%) subjects with ≥advanced fibrosis (≥3.6 kPa). Multivariable analysis revealed that liver fibrosis was associated with age (OR=1.34, 95% CI=1.18 to 1.51), male sex (OR=3.18, 95% CI=1.97 to 5.13), diabetes (OR=2.43, 95% CI=1.8 to 3.28), HBsAg positivity (OR=3.49, 95% CI=2.55 to 4.79), abnormal liver function test (OR=1.9, 95% CI=1.49 to 2.42) and obesity (OR=1.77, 95% CI=1.35 to 2.32) (all p&lt;0.001), as well as metabolic syndrome (OR=1.4, 95% CI=1.05 to 1.87) (p=0.024).Conclusions The prevalence of significant or more liver fibrosis was high in the Korean general population and much higher among individuals with risk factors. This suggests that screening of liver fibrosis should be considered in general population, especially among high-risk groups