Excitation of high frequency voices from intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals with large eccentricity

The coalescence of a stellar-mass compact object together with an intermediate-mass black hole, also known as intermediate-mass-ratio inspiral, is usually not expected to be a viable gravitational wave source for the current ground-based gravitational wave detectors, due to the generally lower frequency of such source. In this paper, we adopt the effective-one-body formalism as the equation of motion, and obtain the accurately calculated gravitational waveforms by solving the Teukolsky equation in frequency-domain. We point out that high frequency modes of gravitational waves can be excited by large eccentricities of intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals. These high frequency modes can extend to more than 10 Hz, and enter the designed sensitive band of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. We propose that such kind of highly eccentric intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals could be feasible sources and potentially observable by the ground-based gravitational wave detectors, like the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo.Comment: 16 pages, 16 figures. Class. Quant. Gravity, accepte

Deep Neural Newsvendor

We consider a data-driven newsvendor problem, where one has access to past demand data and the associated feature information. We solve the problem by estimating the target quantile function using a deep neural network (DNN). The remarkable representational power of DNN allows our framework to incorporate or approximate various extant data-driven models. We provide theoretical guarantees in terms of excess risk bounds for the DNN solution characterized by the network structure and sample size in a non-asymptotic manner, which justify the applicability of DNNs in the relevant contexts. Specifically, the convergence rate of the excess risk bound with respect to the sample size increases in the smoothness of the target quantile function but decreases in the dimension of feature variables. This rate can be further accelerated when the target function possesses a composite structure. Compared to other typical models, the nonparametric DNN method can effectively avoid or significantly reduce the model misspecification error. In particular, our theoretical framework can be extended to accommodate the data-dependent scenarios, where the data-generating process is time-dependent but not necessarily identical over time. Finally, we apply the DNN method to a real-world dataset obtained from a food supermarket. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that (1) the DNN method consistently outperforms other alternatives across a wide range of cost parameters, and (2) it also exhibits good performance when the sample size is either very large or relatively limited

Chronic Heat Stress Weakened the Innate Immunity and Increased the Virulence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 in Mice

Chronic heat stress (CHS) can negatively affect immune response in animals. In this study we assessed the effects of CHS on host innate immunity and avian influenza virus H5N1 infection in mice. Mice were divided into two groups: CHS and thermally neutral (TN). The CHS treatment group exhibited reduced local immunity in the respiratory tract, including the number of pulmonary alveolar macrophages and lesions in the nasal mucosa, trachea, and lungs. Meanwhile, CHS retarded dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and reduced the mRNA levels of IL-6 and IFN-β significantly (P < .05). After the CHS treatment, mice were infected with H5N1 virus. The mortality rate and viral load in the lungs of CHS group were higher than those of TN group. The results suggest that the CHS treatment could suppress local immunity in the respiratory tract and innate host immunity in mice significantly and moderately increased the virulence in H5N1-infected mice

2-Amino-4-(2-chloro­phen­yl)-7,7-di­methyl-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetra­hydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile hemihydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C18H17ClN2O2·0.5H2O, contains two organic mol­ecules and one solvent water mol­ecule. In each organic mol­ecule, the cyclo­hexene ring adopts an envelope conformation with the C atom connecting the two methyl groups on the flap; the 4H-pyran ring is nearly planar [maximum deviation = 0.113 (3) Å in one mol­ecule and 0.089 (3) Å in the other mol­ecule] and is approximately perpendicular to the chloro­phenyl ring [dihedral angle = 86.43 (15)° in one mol­ecule and 89.73 (15)° in the other mol­ecule]. Inter­molecular N—H⋯N, N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O and O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal

Size- and speed-dependent mechanical behavior in living mammalian cytoplasm

Active transport in the cytoplasm plays critical roles in living cell physiology. However, the mechanical resistance that intracellular compartments experience, which is governed by the cytoplasmic material property, remains elusive, especially its dependence on size and speed. Here we use optical tweezers to drag a bead in the cytoplasm and directly probe the mechanical resistance with varying size a and speed V. We introduce a method, combining the direct measurement and a simple scaling analysis, to reveal different origins of the size- and speed-dependent resistance in living mammalian cytoplasm. We show that the cytoplasm exhibits size-independent viscoelasticity as long as the effective strain rate V/a is maintained in a relatively low range (0.1 s −1 < V/a < 2 s −1 ) and exhibits size-dependent poroelasticity at a high effective strain rate regime (5 s −1 < V/a < 80 s −1 ). Moreover, the cytoplasmic modulus is found to be positively correlated with only V/a in the viscoelastic regime but also increases with the bead size at a constant V/a in the poroelastic regime. Based on our measurements, we obtain a full-scale state diagram of the living mammalian cytoplasm, which shows that the cytoplasm changes from a viscous fluid to an elastic solid, as well as from compressible material to incompressible material, with increases in the values of two dimensionless parameters, respectively. This state diagram is useful to understand the underlying mechanical nature of the cytoplasm in a variety of cellular processes over a broad range of speed and size scales. Keywords: cell mechanics; poroelasticity; viscoelasticity; cytoplasmic state diagra

Fiber-optic refractometer based on a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating on a side-hole fiber

A fiber-optic refractive index (RI) sensor based on a π-phaseshifted fiber-Bragg-grating (πFBG) inscribed on a side-hole fiber is presented. The reflection spectrum of the πFBG features two narrow notches associated with the two polarization modes and the spectral spacing of the notches is used for high-sensitivity RI sensing with little temperature cross-sensitivity. The side-hole fiber maintains its outer diameter and mechanical strength. The side-hole fiber is also naturally integrated into a microfluidic system for convenient sample delivery and reduced sample amount. A novel demodulation method based on laser frequency modulation to enhance the sensor dynamic range is proposed and demonstrated

ReactIE: Enhancing Chemical Reaction Extraction with Weak Supervision

Structured chemical reaction information plays a vital role for chemists engaged in laboratory work and advanced endeavors such as computer-aided drug design. Despite the importance of extracting structured reactions from scientific literature, data annotation for this purpose is cost-prohibitive due to the significant labor required from domain experts. Consequently, the scarcity of sufficient training data poses an obstacle to the progress of related models in this domain. In this paper, we propose ReactIE, which combines two weakly supervised approaches for pre-training. Our method utilizes frequent patterns within the text as linguistic cues to identify specific characteristics of chemical reactions. Additionally, we adopt synthetic data from patent records as distant supervision to incorporate domain knowledge into the model. Experiments demonstrate that ReactIE achieves substantial improvements and outperforms all existing baselines.Comment: Findings of ACL 2023, Short Pape