1,732 research outputs found
Learning Character-level Compositionality with Visual Features
Previous work has modeled the compositionality of words by creating
character-level models of meaning, reducing problems of sparsity for rare
words. However, in many writing systems compositionality has an effect even on
the character-level: the meaning of a character is derived by the sum of its
parts. In this paper, we model this effect by creating embeddings for
characters based on their visual characteristics, creating an image for the
character and running it through a convolutional neural network to produce a
visual character embedding. Experiments on a text classification task
demonstrate that such model allows for better processing of instances with rare
characters in languages such as Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. Additionally,
qualitative analyses demonstrate that our proposed model learns to focus on the
parts of characters that carry semantic content, resulting in embeddings that
are coherent in visual space.Comment: Accepted to ACL 201
Privacy Preserving Utility Mining: A Survey
In big data era, the collected data usually contains rich information and
hidden knowledge. Utility-oriented pattern mining and analytics have shown a
powerful ability to explore these ubiquitous data, which may be collected from
various fields and applications, such as market basket analysis, retail,
click-stream analysis, medical analysis, and bioinformatics. However, analysis
of these data with sensitive private information raises privacy concerns. To
achieve better trade-off between utility maximizing and privacy preserving,
Privacy-Preserving Utility Mining (PPUM) has become a critical issue in recent
years. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of PPUM. We first
present the background of utility mining, privacy-preserving data mining and
PPUM, then introduce the related preliminaries and problem formulation of PPUM,
as well as some key evaluation criteria for PPUM. In particular, we present and
discuss the current state-of-the-art PPUM algorithms, as well as their
advantages and deficiencies in detail. Finally, we highlight and discuss some
technical challenges and open directions for future research on PPUM.Comment: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, 10 page
When Causal Intervention Meets Adversarial Examples and Image Masking for Deep Neural Networks
Discovering and exploiting the causality in deep neural networks (DNNs) are
crucial challenges for understanding and reasoning causal effects (CE) on an
explainable visual model. "Intervention" has been widely used for recognizing a
causal relation ontologically. In this paper, we propose a causal inference
framework for visual reasoning via do-calculus. To study the intervention
effects on pixel-level features for causal reasoning, we introduce pixel-wise
masking and adversarial perturbation. In our framework, CE is calculated using
features in a latent space and perturbed prediction from a DNN-based model. We
further provide the first look into the characteristics of discovered CE of
adversarially perturbed images generated by gradient-based methods
\footnote{~~https://github.com/jjaacckkyy63/Causal-Intervention-AE-wAdvImg}.
Experimental results show that CE is a competitive and robust index for
understanding DNNs when compared with conventional methods such as
class-activation mappings (CAMs) on the Chest X-Ray-14 dataset for
human-interpretable feature(s) (e.g., symptom) reasoning. Moreover, CE holds
promises for detecting adversarial examples as it possesses distinct
characteristics in the presence of adversarial perturbations.Comment: Noted our camera-ready version has changed the title. "When Causal
Intervention Meets Adversarial Examples and Image Masking for Deep Neural
Networks" as the v3 official paper title in IEEE Proceeding. Please use it in
your formal reference. Accepted at IEEE ICIP 2019. Pytorch code has released
on https://github.com/jjaacckkyy63/Causal-Intervention-AE-wAdvIm
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