Synthesis of pyridines via [4 + 2] cycloadditions of vinylallenes with azadienophiles

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references.Pyridines are an important class of heterocycle with widespread applications. However, the efficient preparation of substituted pyridines remains a challenge in organic synthesis. This thesis describes new annulation strategies for the synthesis of highly substituted pyridines that involve [4 + 2] cycloadditions of vinylallenes with azadienophiles. Part II of this thesis describes a unimolecular, formal [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition strategy for the synthesis of tricyclic pyridines based on intramolecular propargylic ene/imino Diels-Alder reaction cascades. In this variant, unactivated oximino ethers and NN-dialkylhydrazones function as dienophiles in thermal Diels-Alder reactions. Part III of this thesis describes strategies for the synthesis of bicyclic and monocyclic 2-sulfonylpyrdines based on [4 + 2] cycloadditions of vinylallenes with tosyl cyanide. In addition, Part III discusses the synthetic elaboration of these 2- sulfonylpyridines via nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Overall, annulation strategies based on [4 + 2] cycloadditions of vinylallenes with azadienophiles have been developed for the preparation of highly substituted pyridines in an efficient, convergent, and regioselective fashion.by Philip J. Hamzik.Ph. D

Electrical Changes in Deeper Cortical Structures During Balanced General Anesthesia with the Aim on Inhalation Anesthetics Effects

There are many theories that attempt to explain the mechanisms of the effects of inhalation anesthetics - from simpler, pursuing individual effects of anesthetics on the level of the ion channels, to more complex that are looking for uniform global changes in brain activity common to several agents. However, we still don’t have satisfactory and adequate conclusions

THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO A CHILD WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME: A REPORT OF TWO CASES

The course of a respiratory disorder in a child may end up in respiratory failure. There are also acute non-respiratory diseases which have a great influence on the respiratory functions and often lead to the acute lung injury and sometimes to the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A feature of respiratory function deterioration is changed in the surfactant system. We often see inhibition of its synthesis or damage to its structure. Therapy of children suffering from ARDS should be complex and rapid. Despite many recently published studies explaining the principle of this disorder, the mortality of ARDS is still very high (30-50%). There are several studies documenting successful administration of exogenous surfactant as part of a complex combined therapy of patients with ARDS, which leads to decreased mortality, improved oxygenation, and decreased need for aggressive artificial pulmonary ventilation. The authors of this article present their own experience with administration of exogenous surfactant in therapy of children with ARDS