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Not AvailableThe aim was to assess the likelihood of an introduction of CSFV-infected or contaminated material through pathways of importance to the swine population by quantifying the volume of trade and scale of movement in Arunachal Pradesh sharing international borders with Bhutan, Burma and China. A binomial-probability model was employed to assess the annual probability of virus introduction based on the factors such as outbreak reports of CSF in these countries of import and their corresponding prevalence of infection along with subsequent import activities. The expected number of years, in which at least 1 CSFV incursion might occur from importation of live pig from Bhutan were 1022.23 years. Whereas, the predicted risks from pig imports from China were 3373.014, 842.82, 421.124 years for groups of 1,000, 4,000 and 8,000 herds respectively. For Myanmar, it was calculated to be 117132.6934, 58565.8363 and 29282.41 years for the different selection of herds accordingly. From the above results, it can be inferred that there is no threat for introduction of CSFV into Arunachal Pradesh via the neighbouring countries of Bhutan, China and Myanmar barring the illegal movement/importation of live pigs.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to the emergence and spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria are becoming a serious global public health concern. This article aims to assess the overall prevalence of ESBLs among animals in India, with year-wise, zone-wise and species-wise stratification. Systematic search from PubMed, Google Scholar and J-Gate Plus was carried out and 24 eligible articles from 2013–2019 in India were retrieved. The R Open source Scripting software was used to perform statistical analysis. The overall prevalence of ESBLs among animals in India was 9%. The pooled prevalence of ESBLs in animals were 26, 11, 6 and 8% for north, east, south and central zones, respectively. The reported prevalence of ESBLs in animals were 12, 5, 8, 8, 12, 13 and 33% were reported for the years 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 respectively. The species-wise stratified results showed a predominance of ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains (11%) when compared to Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. which were 7% and 5%, respectively. The prevalence data generated could be utilized in infection control and in antibiotic use management decisions for developing appropriate intervention strategies.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableLivestock Associated-Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) is a antimicrobial resistant bacteria, which has the potential to be pathogenic in humans and animals. The present study aims at employing systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate LA-MRSA prevalence in data extracted from Indian studies. The prevalence of the LA-MRSA isolates was stratified based on type/source of samples (Clinical/healthy animal samples) and meta-analysis was done. Database searches yielded 21 articles published during the period 2014-17. The pooled prevalence estimate of LA-MRSA was 10.0% (95% CI: 7.0-13.0%, 2=0.6654; P<0.01). Further, samples were stratified as clinical samples and healthy animal samples and LA-MRSA prevalence were 12.0% (95% CI: 8.0-19.0%, 2=0.7476; P<0.01) and 7.0% (95% CI: 5.0-10.0%, 2=0.3583; P<0.01) for clinical samples and healthy animal samples, respectively. By using meta-analysis, an overall prevalence of LA-MRSA in animals in India was estimated, which will be useful for researchers, veterinarians and policy makers in planning appropriate intervention strategies.NICRA Projec

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Not AvailableAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to the emergence and spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria are becoming a serious global public health concern. This article aims to assess the overall prevalence of ESBLs among animals in India, with year-wise, zone-wise and species-wise stratification. Systematic search from PubMed, Google Scholar and J-Gate Plus was carried out and 24 eligible articles from 2013–2019 in India were retrieved. The R Open source Scripting software was used to perform statistical analysis. The overall prevalence of ESBLs among animals in India was 9%. The pooled prevalence of ESBLs in animals were 26, 11, 6 and 8% for north, east, south and central zones, respectively. The reported prevalence of ESBLs in animals were 12, 5, 8, 8, 12, 13 and 33% were reported for the years 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 respectively. The species-wise stratified results showed a predominance of ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains (11%) when compared to Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. which were 7% and 5%, respectively. The prevalence data generated could be utilized in infection control and in antibiotic use management decisions for developing appropriate intervention strategies.Not Availabl

Parallel Buddy Prima – A Hybrid Parallel Frequent itemset mining algorithm for very large databases

Frequent itemset mining is essential for the discovery of association rules, strong rules, episodes, and minimal keys. This paper describes a Parallel approach for association mining, based on Buddy Prima algorithm, that combines bottom up and top down approach. Apriori algorithm, the widely used association mining technique uses the breadth-first search, bottom up approach. The Apriori algorithm performs well only when the frequent itemsets are short. Algorithms with top down approach are suitable for long frequent itemsets. This Parallel Buddy Prima algorithm combines both bottom-up and top-down approach. The PRIMA representation consumes less memory as each transaction is replaced with the product of the equivalent prime numbers of their items. It reduces the time taken to determine the support count of the Itemset. Candidate distribution technique is adopted to handle large datasets with large itemsets. The performance of this algorithm is compared with the other existing algorithms and the results are tabulated. The proposed algorithm reduces the time and data complexity. Experimental results of this algorithm on Microsoft Anonymous Data show that this parallel approach outperforms the existing algorithms approximately by a factor of two. Nomenclature: Parallel data mining, Association mining, top-down approach, Candidate distribution

Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing bacteria from animal origin: A systematic review and meta-analysis report from India.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to the emergence and spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria are becoming a serious global public health concern. This article aims to assess the overall prevalence of ESBLs among animals in India, with year-wise, zone-wise and species-wise stratification. Systematic search from PubMed, Google Scholar and J-Gate Plus was carried out and 24 eligible articles from 2013-2019 in India were retrieved. The R Open source Scripting software was used to perform statistical analysis. The overall prevalence of ESBLs among animals in India was 9%. The pooled prevalence of ESBLs in animals were 26, 11, 6 and 8% for north, east, south and central zones, respectively. The reported prevalence of ESBLs in animals were 12, 5, 8, 8, 12, 13 and 33% were reported for the years 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 respectively. The species-wise stratified results showed a predominance of ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains (11%) when compared to Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. which were 7% and 5%, respectively. The prevalence data generated could be utilized in infection control and in antibiotic use management decisions for developing appropriate intervention strategies