La ingesta de grasas y el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria de los jordanos

Introduction: dietary fat has been reported as one of the significant risk factors in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Objective: this study aimed at assessing the possible association between fat intake and CVD. Methods: the present case-control study was conducted in the center of coronary angiography. Three-hundred and ninety nine patients who referred for elective coronary angiography with clinical suspicion of coronary artery disease were enrolled. Dietary data were collected from each patient using an interview-based food frequency questionnaire. Results: the findings of the present study revealed no significant differences between cases and controls regarding the intake of all types of fat either before or after energy adjustment. For both cases and controls the percentage of fat intake from total energy and the intakes of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats, cholesterol, omega-6 and omega-3 were within the recommended amounts. The intake of all fat types (except trans-fat) was not associated with the risk of developing CVD. Trans-fat intake in the second and third quartile increased the risk of CVD by OR 1.86 (95% CI: 1.03-3.34) and 2.01 (95% CI: 1.12-3.60), respectively. Conclusions: while trans-fats may be significantly associated with the development of CVD in the first two quartiles, no association has been detected with other fat types.Introducción: se ha establecido que la grasa en la dieta es uno de los factores de riesgo significativos en el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV). Objetivo: este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la posible asociación entre la ingesta de grasa y la ECV. Métodos: el presente estudio de casos y controles se realizó en el centro de la angiografía coronaria. Se inscribieron 399 pacientes que fueron remitidos para una angiografía coronaria electiva con sospecha clínica de enfermedad coronaria. Los datos dietéticos se obtuvieron de cada paciente mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos basado en entrevistas. Resultados: los hallazgos del presente estudio no revelaron diferencias significativas entre los casos y los controles con respecto a la ingesta de todos los tipos de grasa, ya sea antes o después del ajuste de energía. Para ambos casos y controles, el porcentaje de ingesta de grasas de la energía total y las ingestas de grasas poliinsaturadas y monoinsaturadas, colesterol, omega-6 y omega-3 se encuentran dentro de las cantidades recomendadas. La ingesta de todos los tipos de grasa (excepto las grasas trans) no se asoció con el riesgo de desarrollar ECV. La ingesta de grasas trans en el segundo y tercer cuartil aumentó el riesgo de ECV en OR 1,86 (IC 95 %: 1,03-3,34) y 2,01 (IC 95 %: 1,12-3,60), respectivamente. Conclusiones: si bien las grasas trans pueden estar asociadas significativamente con el desarrollo de ECV en los dos primeros cuartiles, no se ha detectado asociación con otros tipos de gras

Dietary inflammatory index and odds of breast cancer: A case-control study

Breast cancer (BrCA) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide. This study aimed to examine the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and BrCA among Jordanian women. A total of 400 adult women were enrolled into this case-control study. Cases were 200 women recently diagnosed with BrCA selected from the two hospitals that provide cancer therapy in Jordan. They were matched on age, income, and marital status with 200 BrCA-free controls. DII scores were calculated from dietary data that were collected in a face-to-face interview conducted between October 2016 and September 2017 using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. The study results revealed no significant associations between DII scores in relation to the odds of developing BrCA after multivariable adjustment including age, education, total energy, BMI, number of pregnancy, contraceptive use, lactation, smoking, and family history of BrCA. Stratified analyses by obesity status showed that overweight/obese participants in the highest DII tertile had a >75% increased BrCA risk (OR of 1.77 [95% CI, 1.01–3.12]) compared with participants in the lowest tertile, after adjusting for age. The results from this study showed no significant relationship between the proinflammatory potential of the diet and BrCA risk in the overall study population. However, results stratified by weight category indicated an effect of diet-associated inflammation on BrCA risk in the overweight/obese group. Results of the study are consistent with a recommendation aimed at maintaining higher diet quality, that is, adopting healthy diets characterized by low DII scores in order to reduce the risk for BrCA.Deanship of Academic Research of The University of Jordan, Grant/Award Number: 2016-2017/1

Fruit and vegetable consumption and cardiovascular diseases among jordanians: A case-control study

Objectives: Fruit and vegetable intake has been reported as one of the significant protective factors against the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study aimed to assess the possible preventive effect of fruit and vegetable consumption on developing CVD. Methods: A total of 398 participants (205 cases and 193 controls) referred for elective coronary angiography with clinical suspicion of coronary artery disease to Prince Hamza Hospital in Amman were enrolled in this case-control study. Dietary data were collected separately from each patient using interview-based food frequency questionnaire. Results: The findings of the present study revealed that a total consumption of 3 servings of vegetable per day decreased significantly the risk of CVD to about 54% (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.22-0.97, p = 0.033). Consumption of banana was found to reduce the risk of CVD to about 44% and 62% when consuming 1-2 and 3-6 servings/week, respectively, with p-value for trend 0.004. For the vegetables, the consumption of grape leaves and stuffed vegetables in general was significantly associated with lower risk of CVD. Increasing cauliflower consumption of 1-2 servings per week decreased CVD risk to about 37% (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.38-0.98). Consuming up to 3-6 servings per week of mixed vegetables (OR = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.01-0.83) and onion (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.22-0.80) revealed an inverse association with CVD development. Conclusions: Adding to the present evidence, consumption of some fruits and vegetables could be considered as preventive factor against developing CVD. However, the association of consuming vegetables with preventing CVD was higher than the fruit consumption. 2020, Czech National Institute of Public Health. All rights reserved.Scopu

Association of Lung CT Findings in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) With Patients' Age, Body Weight, Vital Signs, and Medical Regimen

Objective: This study aimed to detect possible associations between lung computed tomography (CT) findings in COVID-19 and patients' age, body weight, vital signs, and medical regimen in Jordan. Methods: The present cross-sectional study enrolled 230 patients who tested positive for COVID-19 in Prince Hamza Hospital in Jordan. Demographic data, as well as major lung CT scan findings, were obtained from the hospital records of the COVID-19 patients. Results: The main observed major lung changes among the enrolled COVID-19 patients included ground-glass opacification in 47 (20.4%) patients and consolidation in 22 (9.6%) patients. A higher percentage of patients with major lung changes (24%) was observed among patients above 60 years old, while (50%) of patients with no changes in their lung findings were in the age group of 18–29 years old. Results obtained from the present study showed that only patients with major CT lung changes (9.7%) were prescribed more than three antibiotics. Additionally, 41.6 % of patients with major lung CT scan changes had either dry (31.0%) or productive (10.6%) cough at admission. Conclusion: Several factors have been identified by this study for their ability to predict lung changes. Early assessment of these predictors could help provide a prompt intervention that may enhance health outcomes and reduce the risk for further lung changes

Dietary patterns associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer: Case-control study findings

Diet is an important modifiable lifestyle factor, but epidemiological studies evaluating the association between dietary patterns and pancreatic cancer (PC) have reported inconsistent findings. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of several dietary choices on the risk of PC among newly diagnosed Jordanian patients. A case-control study was conducted at major teaching and general hospitals, including a Jordanian oncology center. The study included 101 patients with incident pancreatic cancer and 314 controls. Data was collected using interview-based questionnaires. Dietary intake was estimated using a validated Arabic and reproducible food-frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived using Principal Component Analysis. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the association between dietary patterns and PC. Four dietary patterns were identified. The "Traditional"dietary pattern, which presented a diet rich in fresh fruits, vegetables, milk, yogurt, and lentils, was associated with a significant decrease in the odds of PC (OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.21-0.84) for the third quartile compared to first one. The "High-fruit"dietary pattern, which was loaded with strawberry, melon, watermelon, and other fruits, significantly reduced the odds of PC (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.19-0.75) for the second quartile compared to the first one. The "Soup"dietary pattern was mainly composed of vermicelli soup, vegetable soup, lentil soup, and mushroom soup, which decreased the odds of PC (OR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.07-0.38). There was no relation between PC and the "Western"dietary pattern, loaded with beer, wine, roasted lamb, meat, chicken sandwich, beefsteak, and fried fish. The "Traditional,""High-fruit,"and "Soup"dietary patterns were associated with reduced risk of PC among Jordanians. 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.This article was supported by Qatar University Internal grant No. QUEST-2-CHS-2022-495. The findings achieved herein are solely the responsibility of the author.Scopu

Narghile (water pipe) smoking among university students in Jordan: prevalence, pattern and beliefs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background and objectives</p> <p>Narghile is becoming the favorite form of tobacco use by youth globally. This problem has received more attention in recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and pattern of narghile use among students in three public Jordanian universities; to assess their beliefs about narghile's adverse health consequences; and to evaluate their awareness of oral health and oral hygiene.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study was a cross-sectional survey of university students. A self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was distributed randomly to university students in three public Jordanian universities during December, 2008. The questionnaire was designed to ask specific questions that are related to smoking in general, and to narghile smoking in specific. There were also questions about oral health awareness and oral hygiene practices.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>36.8% of the surveyed sample indicated they were smokers comprising 61.9% of the male students and 10.7% of the female students in the study sample. Cigarettes and narghile were the preferred smoking methods among male students (42%). On the other hand, female students preferred narghile only (53%). Parental smoking status but not their educational level was associated with the students smoking status. Smokers had also significantly poor dental attendance and poor oral hygiene habits.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study confirmed the spreading narghile epidemic among young people in Jordan like the neighboring countries of the Eastern Mediterranean region. Alarming signs were the poor oral health awareness among students particularly smokers.</p

Protective effect of dietary micronutrients on gastric cancer risk among Jordanians

Objective: several dietary and non-dietary factors and genetic predisposition may play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis. The findings about associations between micronutrients and gastric cancer (GC) is still inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary micronutrients on gastric cancer risk. Methods: a case-control study comprised of 173 GC (107 males: 66 females) patients and 313 (190 males: 123 females) population-based controls matched for age, occupation, and marital status. Demographics, medical history, physical activity, and nutrient intake information were collected using reliable interview-based questionnaires. Information on dietary micronutrient intake was collected from the participants using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Multinomial logistic regression was used to calculate Odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) and evaluate associations between dietary micronutrients and GC risk. Results: GC was inversely associated with the consumption of vitamin A, beta-carotene, vitamins D, E, K, B2, B3, B6, B12, and C, folate, chromium, iodine, and selenium. Additionally, a protective effect was observed for consumption of calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, phosphate, sodium, and zinc. In almost all the micronutrients, the second tertile showed a more pronounced reduction in GC risk as compared to the first tertile. Conclusions: our data support favorable effects of dietary consumption of some vitamins and minerals against GC risk.Acknowledgments: the authors would like to express their thanks to the Deanship od Scientific Research at The Hashemite University for funding the research projects. We would like to thank Dr Narmeen Al-Awwad for her support in the administrative work at The Hashemite University. This publication was supported by Qatar University Internal Grant No. Project QUST-2-CHS-2023-1492. The findings achieved herein are solely the responsibility of the authors.Scopu

The cellular and molecular effects of the androgen receptor agonist, Cl-4AS-1, on breast cancer cells

<p><b>Purpose</b>: The androgen receptor (AR) has attracted attention in the treatment of breast cancer. Due to the undesirable side effects of AR agonists, attempts have been undertaken to develop selective AR modulators. One of these compounds is Cl-4AS-1. This study examined this compound more closely at the cellular and molecular levels. <b>Methods</b>: Three different breast cancer cell lines were utilized, namely the luminal MCF-7 cells, the molecular apocrine MDA-MB-453 cells, and the triple negative, basal MDA-MB-231 cells. <b>Results</b>: High and significant concordance between dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and Cl-4AS-1 in regulation of gene expression in MDA-MB-453 cells was found. However, some differences were noted including the expression of AR, which was upregulated by DHT, but not Cl-4AS-1. In addition, both DHT and Cl-4AS-1 caused a similar morphological change and reorganization of the actin structure of MDA-MB-453 cells into a mesenchymal phenotype. Treatment of cells with DHT resulted in induction of proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 cells, but no effect was observed on the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells. On the other hand, increasing doses of Cl-4AS-1 resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition on the growth of the three cell lines. This inhibition was a result of induction of apoptosis whereby Cl-4AS-1 caused a block in entry of cells into the S-phase followed by DNA degradation. <b>Conclusions</b>: These results indicate that although Cl-4AS-1 has characteristics of classical AR agonist, it has dissimilar properties that may make it useful in treating breast cancer.</p