1,202 research outputs found
Probing the strength of infants' preference for helpers over hinderers:Â two replication attempts of Hamlin and Wynn (2011)
Several studies indicate that infants prefer individuals who act prosocially over those
who act antisocially toward unrelated third parties. In the present study, we focused on a
paradigm published by Kiley Hamlin and Karen Wynn in 2011. In this study, infants were
habituated to a live puppet show in which a protagonist tried to open a box to retrieve a toy
placed inside. The protagonist was either helped by a second puppet (the “Helper”), or hindered by a third puppet (the “Hinderer”). At test, infants were presented with the Helper and the Hinderer, and encouraged to reach for one of them. In the original study, 75% of 9-month-olds selected the Helper, arguably demonstrating a preference for prosocial over antisocial individuals. We conducted two studies with the aim of replicating this result. Each
attempt was performed by a different group of experimenters. Study 1 followed the methods
of the published study as faithfully as possible. Study 2 introduced slight modifications to the
stimuli and the procedure following the guidelines generously provided by Kiley Hamlin and
her collaborators. Yet, in our replication attempts, 9-month-olds’ preference for helpers over hinderers did not differ significantly from chance (62.5% and 50%, respectively, in Studies 1 and 2). Two types of factors could explain why our results differed from those of Hamlin and Wynn: minor methodological dissimilarities (in procedure, materials, or the population
tested), or the effect size being smaller than originally assumed. We conclude that fine
methodological details that are crucial to infants’
success in this task need to be identified to
ensure the replicability of the original result
Conservatory Alma Mater
Harry Nordin, Class of 1904Rosa K. Hamlin, Class of 1903
Ithaca College\u27s original alma mater. Reproduced from holograph.https://digitalcommons.ithaca.edu/sheetmusic/1246/thumbnail.jp
Pressure-induced Superconductivity in CaLi2
A search for superconductivity has been carried out on the hexagonal
polymorph of Laves-phase CaLi2, a compound for which Feng, Ashcroft, and
Hoffmann predict highly anomalous behavior under pressure. No superconductivity
is observed above 1.10 K at ambient pressure. However, high-pressure ac
susceptibility and electrical resistivity studies to 81 GPa reveal bulk
superconductivity in CaLi2 at temperatures as high as 13 K. The normal-state
resistivity shows a dramatic increase with pressure.Comment: bulk superconductivity in CaLi2 now confirme
SoK: Cryptographically Protected Database Search
Protected database search systems cryptographically isolate the roles of
reading from, writing to, and administering the database. This separation
limits unnecessary administrator access and protects data in the case of system
breaches. Since protected search was introduced in 2000, the area has grown
rapidly; systems are offered by academia, start-ups, and established companies.
However, there is no best protected search system or set of techniques.
Design of such systems is a balancing act between security, functionality,
performance, and usability. This challenge is made more difficult by ongoing
database specialization, as some users will want the functionality of SQL,
NoSQL, or NewSQL databases. This database evolution will continue, and the
protected search community should be able to quickly provide functionality
consistent with newly invented databases.
At the same time, the community must accurately and clearly characterize the
tradeoffs between different approaches. To address these challenges, we provide
the following contributions:
1) An identification of the important primitive operations across database
paradigms. We find there are a small number of base operations that can be used
and combined to support a large number of database paradigms.
2) An evaluation of the current state of protected search systems in
implementing these base operations. This evaluation describes the main
approaches and tradeoffs for each base operation. Furthermore, it puts
protected search in the context of unprotected search, identifying key gaps in
functionality.
3) An analysis of attacks against protected search for different base
queries.
4) A roadmap and tools for transforming a protected search system into a
protected database, including an open-source performance evaluation platform
and initial user opinions of protected search.Comment: 20 pages, to appear to IEEE Security and Privac
Engaging postgraduate students and supporting higher education to enhance the 21st century student experience:Final Report
Origin of Strong Coupling in Lithium under Pressure
In an attempt to provide a clearer understanding of the impressive increase
in T_c under pressure in elemental Li, linear response calculation of the
phonon dispersion curves, electron-phonon matrix elements, phonon linewidths
and mode lambda's have been carried out on a finer mesh (24^3 in the Brillouin
zone) than done previously, for the volume corresponding to 20 GPa pressure.
The result illustrates the great need for a fine mesh (even finer than this)
for converged results of lambda and the spectral function alpha^2 F. Although
the initial pressure-induced transverse T_1 phonon instability (in harmonic
approximation) near the symmetry point K has dominated attention, the current
results show that the high value of T_c gets strong contributions from
elsewhere in the zone, particularly from the longitudinal mode along (100).Comment: Proceedings for M2
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