Ceramic wiring board increases packaging density of electronic modules

Ceramic multilayer wiring board interconnects large scale integration /LSI/ modules which dissipate nearly 2W/cc. Extremely high packaging density is possible by application of alumina cover hermetically sealed to board. Signal interconnections are completely dependent on transfer heat between layers

Lifshitz points in blends of AB and BC diblock copolymers

We consider micro- and macro-phase separation in blends of AB and BC flexible diblock copolymers. We show that, depending on architecture, a number of phase diagram topologies are possible. Microphase separation or macrophase separation can occur, and there are a variety of possible Lifshitz points. Because of the rich parameter space, Lifshitz points of multiple order are possible. We demonstrate Lifshitz points of first and second order, and argue that, in principle, up to 5th-order Lifshitz points are possible

Anomalous structural and mechanical properties of solids confined in quasi one dimensional strips

We show using computer simulations and mean field theory that a system of particles in two dimensions, when confined laterally by a pair of parallel hard walls within a quasi one dimensional channel, possesses several anomalous structural and mechanical properties not observed in the bulk. Depending on the density $\rho$ and the distance between the walls $L_y$, the system shows structural characteristics analogous to a weakly modulated liquid, a strongly modulated smectic, a triangular solid or a buckled phase. At fixed $\rho$, a change in $L_y$ leads to many reentrant discontinuous transitions involving changes in the number of layers parallel to the confining walls depending crucially on the commensurability of inter-layer spacing with $L_y$. The solid shows resistance to elongation but not to shear. When strained beyond the elastic limit it fails undergoing plastic deformation but surprisingly, as the strain is reversed, the material recovers completely and returns to its original undeformed state. We obtain the phase diagram from mean field theory and finite size simulations and discuss the effect of fluctuations.Comment: 14 pages, 13 figures; revised version, accepted in J. Chem. Phy

Sample Instructions to Law Clerks

Sample Instructions to Law Clerks Sample A -- Law Clerks for Judges of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals Frederick G. Hamley General Responsibilities 1. You should therefore adopt a professional attitude at the outset. 2. You will need to employ industrious work habits. 3. Cultivate efficient, time-saving ways of doing your work. 4. Make this a year of continuing legal education and an intensive training period. 5. You will come into possession of information concerning the processing of appeals which must remain secret until the opinions are filed. 6. Your prime loyalty is to your judge. 7. All of the judges on this court read the briefs before oral argument. Some have their law clerks prepare bench memoranda, based mainly on a review of the briefs. 8. In preparing bench memoranda, brevity is essential. 9. Some judges have their law clerks prepare more elaborate pre-argument memoranda, going far beyond a review of the briefs. 10.Some judges do not ask their law clerks to draft any pre-argument memoranda. Reviewing Drafts of Opinions Prepared by the Law Clerk\u27s Judge ===================================== Sample B -- Duties of Law Clerks Ruggero J. Aldisert 1. Bench Memos-- You will have to prepare pre-argument bench memos. 2. Chambers Routine (a) Hours of work. (b) Chamber Procedures. (c) Routine for argument list. (d) draft opinions written by the other judges e) I read all slip opinions of the Supreme Court and the Third Circuit, and it is important for the clerks to do likewise. ... 6. Final cite checking before final draft goes to panel. 7. Aldisert Opinion Book and Index - An important function of the law clerk is to keep the Aldisert index current. 8. Priority of Responsibilities in opinion preparation. 9. Confidentiality - The judge-law clerk relationship is protected by a confidentiality relationship as respected as a lawyer-client or a priest-penitent. 10. Your relation with me. You were not selected by me to be a yes man. I value your opinions and your intellectual independence. Prior to the decision-making of the court, I invite your impressions and solicit your views.You are not to express a viewpoint simply to please me during the process of decision making. Nevertheless, there is only one judge in these chambers. Once a decision is made, your role changes. Although you are my intellectual equal, it is I, and only I, who has the judge\u27s commission. It is my ultimate decision that will control. And when the decision is in, that is it

Multi-scale coarse-graining of diblock copolymer self-assembly: from monomers to ordered micelles

Starting from a microscopic lattice model, we investigate clustering, micellization and micelle ordering in semi-dilute solutions of AB diblock copolymers in a selective solvent. To bridge the gap in length scales, from monomers to ordered micellar structures, we implement a two-step coarse graining strategy, whereby the AB copolymers are mapped onto ``ultrasoft'' dumbells with monomer-averaged effective interactions between the centres of mass of the blocks. Monte Carlo simulations of this coarse-grained model yield clear-cut evidence for self-assembly into micelles with a mean aggregation number n of roughly 100 beyond a critical concentration. At a slightly higher concentration the micelles spontaneously undergo a disorder-order transition to a cubic phase. We determine the effective potential between these micelles from first principles.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett

Micro- vs. macro-phase separation in binary blends of poly(styrene)-poly(isoprene) and poly(isoprene)-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymers

In this paper we present an experimentally determined phase diagram of binary blends of the diblock copolymers poly(styrene)-poly(isoprene) and poly(isoprene)-poly(ethylene oxide). At high temperatures, the blends form an isotropic mixture. Upon lowering the temperature, the blend macro-phase separates before micro-phase separation occurs. The observed phase diagram is compared to theoretical predictions based on experimental parameters. In the low-temperature phase the crystallisation of the poly(ethylene oxide) block influences the spacing of the ordered phase

A numerical renormalization group study of laser induced freezing

We study the phenomenon of laser induced freezing, within a numerical renormalization scheme which allows explicit comparison with a recent defect mediated melting theory. Precise values for the `bare' dislocation fugacities and elastic moduli of the 2-d hard disk system are obtained from a constrained Monte Carlo simulation sampling only configurations {\em without} dislocations. These are used as inputs to appropriate renormalization flow equations to obtain the equilibrium phase diagram which shows excellent agreement with earlier simulation results. We show that the flow equations need to be correct at least up to third order in defect fugacity to reproduce meaningful results.Comment: Minor Corrections; Combined version of Europhys. Lett. 67 (2004) p. 814 and Europhys. Lett. 68 (2004) p. 16

Star-Like Micelles with Star-Like Interactions: A quantitative Evaluation of Structure Factor and Phase Diagram

PEP-PEO block copolymer micelles offer the possibility to investigate phase behaviour and interactions of star polymers (ultra-soft colloids). A star-like architecture is achieved by an extremely asymmetric block ratio (1:20). Micellar functionality f can be smoothly varied by changing solvent composition (interfacial tension). Structure factors obtained by SANS can be quantitatively described in terms of an effective potential developed for star polymers. The experimental phase diagram reproduces to a high level of accuracy the predicted liquid/solid transition. Whereas for intermediate f a bcc phase is observed, for high f the formation of a fcc phase is preempted by glass formation.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, PRL in pres

Selective and highly efficient dye scavenging by a pH-responsive molecular hydrogelator

A structurally simple low molecular weight hydrogelator derived from isophthalic acid forms robust pH-responsive hydrogels capable of highly efficient and selective dye adsorption