Isolation of polysaccharide producer and heavy metal tolerant local rhizobial isolates

Background: Rhizobial bacteria is an important species among the soil bacteria that inter a relationship with leguminous plant and fix nitrogen symbiotically. Importance of this relation not only for soil as soil fertilizer but also to keep our environment without pollution.  Methods: Survey was conducted to collect different strains of rhizobial from different area in Nineveh Governate in Iraq. Isolation and biochemical tests were done under laboratory conditions. Determination of exopolysaccharide and tolerance of heavy metal was conducted also. Data obtained was recorded after cultivation and incubation of rhizobial strains.Results: The rhizobial bacteria were isolated from the following leguminous plants: Vigna unguiculata L., Trifolium alexandrinum, Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Leucaena leucocephala L., Medicago sativa L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Tribulus terrestris L. and Vicia faba L. Maximum exopolysaccharide production were reached to 3.70 gm/L by the isolate R. leguminosarum bv. Viciae  RM25,after two days of incubation. The maximum cell dry weight was 2.90 gm/L. by the isolate E. meliloti RM14, after two days of incubation. Maximum reduction in pH were 4.30 by strain E. meliloti RM5, after two days incubation. All the local isolated rhizobia were tolerated to nickel chloride for the studied concentrations: 100, 500, 1000 and 5000 µg/ ml. Also were tolerance to 100 and 500 µg/ ml of zinc sulfate and copper sulfate. 1000 µg/ ml concentration of zinc sulfate were also tolerated by all rhizobial isolates.Conclusion: Rhizobium bacteria possess several mechanisms that allow them to tolerate heavy metal exposure. These mechanisms include the expression of efflux pumps, the presence of metal-resistance plasmids, the production of EPS, and the ability to adapt to environmental factors. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms behind the heavy metal tolerance in Rhizobium and to explore the potential applications of these bacteria in bioremediation of heavy metal polluted soils

A rare case of myasthenia gravis with coexisting muscular dystrophy

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease in which antibodies are directed against postsynaptic membrane of neuromuscular junction, resulting in muscle weakness and fatigability. We report a rare case of an 11 years old boy who was a known case of myasthenia gravis presented with progressive weakness and wasting of facial and limb musculature and was found to have coexisting muscular dystrophy most like facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD)

Biological Application of New Organic Derivatives on Bacterial Growth

The growth of strains of deferent types of pathogenic bacteria isolated from different sites of infection , Escherichia coli ,klebisiella pneumonia ,staphylococcus aurous ,staphylococcus epidermis , streptococcus pneumonia, streptococcus agalactiae , streptococcus mutans, has been investigated about inhibitory effect of new synthesized complex organic compound consisting of ( Ni+2 or Co+2) . The results reveled that cobalt (II) complex which contain chelating dicarboxylate ligands has action inhibitory effect on such pathogenic bacteria while Ni ( II) Shows no effect even in highly concentration but only on the streptococcus agalactiae. Key word : Pathogenic bacteria , Diacetic acid  derivative , antibacterial activity .

Toric Geometry and String Theory Descriptions of Qudit Systems

In this paper, we propose a new way to approach qudit systems using toric geometry and related topics including the local mirror symmetry used in the string theory compactification. We refer to such systems as (n,d) quantum systems where $n$ and $d$ denote the number of the qudits and the basis states respectively. Concretely, we first relate the (n,d) quantum systems to the holomorphic sections of line bundles on n dimensional projective spaces CP^{n} with degree n(d-1). These sections are in one-to-one correspondence with d^n integral points on a n-dimensional simplex. Then, we explore the local mirror map in the toric geometry language to establish a linkage between the (n,d) quantum systems and type II D-branes placed at singularities of local Calabi-Yau manifolds. (1,d) and (2,d) are analyzed in some details and are found to be related to the mirror of the ALE space with the A_{d-1} singularity and a generalized conifold respectively.Comment: 12 pages,latex, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in Journal of Geometry and Physics, JPS(2015

Energy Harvesting and Optimisation from Ambient RF Sources: A Review

Energy harvesting from ambient sources has attracted a lot of research recently due to the high demand for cheaper and greener energy. Energy harvesting from RF sources involves three major stages, the first stage is the reception of the RF signal using an antenna, secondly the signal is conditioned using the appropriate circuits. Finally the signal is either used directly by a load or is stored in a battery or a capacitor. Several researchers have investigated the possibility of harvesting energy from ambient RF energy sources such as Wi-Fi, GSM, microwaves, CDMA, UHF and even AM signals. But in most of these researches, the harvested energy is too low, especially when the energy harvester is far from the transmitting station.This paper reviews the techniques used in RF energy harvesting and optimization of the harvested energy. The aim is to review past and present developments and approaches employed in harvesting energy from RF sources. The areas that require attention will also be presented. This paper will contribute positively towards research and development in the field of energy harvesting from ambient RF sources such as cell phone radiations, FM and AM radio signals, Wi-Fi signals and cellular networks signals. Keywords: Energy harvesting, Optimisation, RF signal

Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Desiccant Air Conditioning System for Storage of Agricultural Products

The study emphasizes on the use of desiccant air conditioning (DAC) system for the storage of agricultural products. The chilling sensitivity of the tropical fruits and vegetables makes this system more promising for their optimal storage. The desiccant air conditioning system assisted by Maisotsenko cycle evaporative cooler is proposed in the study to achieve the latent and sensible load of air conditioning. In this regard, the dehumidification evaluation of the honeycomb like polymer based hydrophilic desiccant blocks are carried out by the means of an open-cycle experimental unit. The representative ideal storage zones of three temperature and relative humidity compatible groups of fruits and vegetables are established on the psychrometric chart on the basis of published data. The ideal DAC cycle analysis is accomplished at low regeneration temperature (55°C) for case-I (T = 31°C; RH = 21%) and case-II (T = 13°C; RH = 70%). The dehumidification analysis of the desiccant blocks recommended the time ratio between regeneration and dehumidification modes as 1:1 and 2:3 for the case-I and case-II respectively. The suggested time ratios ensure the dehumidification of the process air up to 2 g/kg of dry air and 4 g/kg of dry air in case-I and case-II respectively. The COP of the system was calculated as 0.90-0.43 and 0.55-0.25 at 30-90 minutes dehumidification with regeneration heat supplies of 1.7-2.3 kW and 2.5-3.5 kW in case-I and case-II respectively. The promising dehumidification by the desiccant blocks resulted in achieving the latent load itself followed by flat plate heat exchanger and Maisotsenko cycle evaporative cooler to achieve the sensible load. However, in case of high sensible loads hybrid DAC system is being recommended in this study

Inhibitory effect of new ligand 2, 3, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0- tetra acetic acid-L- ascorbic acid on pathogenic bacteria

The inhibitory effect of new product (2, 3, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0- tetra acetic acid-L- ascorbic acid)(V-C-4Ac) on growth of different types of pathogenic bacteria was investigated. Different concentrations were prepared from (V-C-4Ac) , (1%, 3%,  4% and 5%) nearly completely inhibited the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus agalactiae after 24 hrs incubation, and the same range of concentrations did not inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans, Klebsiella pneumonia and Proteus mirabilis. Also, this study shows  low effect of new ligand in the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli in high concentration (5%) after 2 hrs incubation. Keywords: L- ascorbic acid, New ligand synthesis (V-C,4Ac) , Antibacterial effect

Antibacterial Activity of 2- (2-Hydroxy phenylimino) Acetic Acid

The ability of 2-(2-hydroxy phenylimono) acetic acid [2-(2- HP-AA)]  to inhibit growth of different types of pathogenic bacteria was investigated.Different concentration were prepared from this chemical compounds( 40 mM ,50 mM and 70 mM). E.coli, staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus agalactiae nearly completely inhibited at 70 mM ,while the same concentration did not inhibit the growth of  Proteus mirabilis ,streptococcus mutans, Klebsiella pneumoniae and streptococcus pneumonia .after 24 h incubating in the present study we evaluate that 70 mM considered as the minimum inhibitory concentration. Key words: Acetic acid, Acetic acid derivatives 2-(2- HP-AA) , Antibacterial effect , Cytoplasmic P

Modeling and simulation of thermoelectric generator (TEG) performance parameters evaluation

Nowadays, thermoelectric module is widely used for industrial application to produce electricity energy from wasted heat energy. This paper discusses thermoelectric generator (TEG) modeling and simulation to attain improvement. There are several methods to model the thermoelectric generator: finite element method (FEM) model, circuit equivalent model and mathematical/computer model. In order to perform FEM modeling analysis, any engineer should acquire high level of knowledge in material engineering. Circuit equivalent model is using electrical circuit analogy to describe heat transfer and electrical behavior in TEG. In this work, mathematical derivation from circuit equivalent model is used in computer model by using Simulink (Matlab). The result from computer model is an alternative model for electrical or electronics engineers to study and doing future improvements on TEG performance