Utjecaj toplinskog stresa i različita vremena osjemenjivanja na postotak steonosti muznih krava

The objective of this study was to evaluate three synchronization fix timed-AI protocols throughout the year on one commercial dairy farm in a semi-arid zone. Mean temperature-humidity indices (THI) were 77.5, 84.9, 70.8 and 58.8 in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. Insemination was synchronized in 3 groups of healthy Holstein Friesian dairy cows (Body Condition Score 2.25-3; scale 1-5) using controlled intravaginal drug release (CIDR) +E2 (n = 99), CIDR+GnRH (n = 38), or Select-Ovsynch (n = 181). Pregnancy diagnosis was done by rectal palpation 45-50 days after one AI. Pregnancy rate did not differ between the three methods, but was lower (P0.05), but rates were lower in spring than in winter (P0,05), ali je u proljeće postotak bio niži nego zimi (P<0,05). U navedenoj polusušnoj zoni visoki THI ima negativan učinak na plodnost muznih krava te se nijedan od triju primijenjenih protokola nije pokazao dobrim za plodnost u ljetnom razdoblju. Prema tome, trebalo bi uvesti sezonsko planiranje teljenja u kojem bi životinje bile osjemenjivane u hladnije doba godine

Comparative cervical cytology and conception rate in postpartum dairy cows

During the early postpartum period, multiple bacterial species invade the uterus of cows. Phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear cells is a primary mechanism involved in the elimination of bacteria and improvement of conception rate. Therefore, a relationship could exist between endometrial cytology and conception rate of postpartum dairy cows. In this study 50 postpartum healthy Holstein Frisian dairy cows were selected. They had a normal parturition history and had no mucopurulent discharge from vulva or abnormality in rectal palpation. Cervical mucosal discharge was collected from all cows on days 25 to 30 and 55 to 60 postpartum. Blood progesterone levels were determined in all cows by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Differential cellular counts were carried out from a Giemsa-stained smear of the mucosa. Data were analyzed by Independent T test, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan’s multiple range tests. There was no significant difference between cell percentages at different times or in number of postpartum artificial inseminations (P≥0.05). However, when cows were divided into two groups to progesterone above 1 ng/mL and below 1 ng/mL, there were significant differences (P<0.05) between neutrophil percentages at different times after parturition and artificial insemination number (1 and 2 or 3). The result of this study showed that cytological evaluation of cervical smear is helpful for diagnosis and treatment of subclinical endometritis and prognosis of postpartum fertility

Heat stress and different timed-AI methods influence on pregnancy rates of dairy cows

The objective of this study was to evaluate three synchronization fix timed-AI protocols throughout the year on one commercial dairy farm in a semi-arid zone. Mean temperature-humidity indices (THI) were 77.5, 84.9, 70.8 and 58.8 in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. Insemination was synchronized in 3 groups of healthy Holstein Friesian dairy cows (Body Condition Score 2.25-3; scale 1-5) using controlled intravaginal drug release (CIDR) +E2 (n = 99), CIDR+GnRH (n = 38), or Select-Ovsynch (n = 181). Pregnancy diagnosis was done by rectal palpation 45-50 days after one AI. Pregnancy rate did not differ between the three methods, but was lower (P&lt;0.05) in summer (27.7%) than spring (50.8%), autumn (60.6%) or winter term (68.5%). Pregnancy rates in autumn term did not differ from spring or winter (P&gt;0.05), but rates were lower in spring than in winter (P&lt;0.05). Thus, a high THI had a negative effect on fertility of dairy cows and none of the three protocols used in this study resulted in good fertility in summer in this semi-arid zone. Therefore, it may be preferable to institute a seasonal calving program to breed in the cooler seasons

Protective effects of synbiotic diets of Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus plantarum and inulin against acute cadmium toxicity in rats

Abstract Background Cadmium is a heavy metal that causes oxidative stress and has toxic effects in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of two probiotics along with a prebiotic in preventing the toxic effects of cadmium in rats. Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups namely control, cadmium only, cadmium along with Lactobacillus plantarum (1 × 109 CFU/day) and inulin (5% of feedstuff) and cadmium along with Bacillus coagulans (1 × 109 spore/day) and inulin (5% of feedstuff). Cadmium treated groups received 200 μg/rat/day CdCl2 administered by gavage. During the 42-day experimental period, they were weighed weekly. For evaluation of changes in oxidative stress, the levels of some biochemicals and enzymes of serum including SOD, GPX, MDA, AST, ALT, total bilirubin, BUN and creatinine, and also SOD level of livers were measured at day 21 and 42 of treatment. The cadmium content of kidney and liver was determined by using atomic absorption mass spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s post hoc test. Results Treatment of cadmium induced rats with synbiotic diets significantly improved the liver enzymes and biochemical parameters that decreased AST, ALT, total bilirubin, BUN and metal accumulation in the liver and kidney and increased body weight, serum and liver SOD values in comparison with the cadmium-treated group. No significant differences were observed with MDA and GPX values between all groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions This study showed that synbiotic diets containing probiotics (L. plantarum and B. coagulans) in combination with the prebiotic (inulin) can reduce the level of cadmium in the liver and kidney, preventing their damage and recover antioxidant enzymes in acute cadmium poisoning in rat