Characterization Of oil/ gas flow pattern in vertical pipes using electrical capacitance tomography

Electrical Capacitance Tomography provides the opportunity to visualize the contents of a process of many applications such as pipeline and obtain information on the flow configuration. Multiphase flow is an extremely complex field of fluid mechanics; the characteristics of the operations of many equipmentin different areas of industry such as oil and power generation are determined by the nature of flow of two phase or multiphase. In this study, a twin plane Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) electrode was designed, fabricated and used to image and characterize oil/gas flow in 67 mm pipe. The experiments were carried out in inclinable facility in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Nottingham University, UK. Conditions used are gas superficial velocities of 0.05 to 5.52 m/s and liquid superficial velocities of 0 to 0.54 m/s. The cross-section averaged void fraction and its variation in time were measured using electrical capacitance tomography. Also, Probability Density Functions are demonstrated and the structure velocity of flow is presented as well. In this project, Bubbly, slug, and churn flow configurations was observed. In addition, high speed video images of flow were obtained simultaneously and compared with tomographic images of the ECT system

Congruence patterns of aquatic communities in a tropical river basin, Malaysia

The loss of aquatic biodiversity in tropical streams of SE Asia is evident due to increasing anthropogenic activities. Therefore, there is a necessity for immediate and feasible conservation plans. Effective conservation planning depends on successful application of surrogate groups. However, progress of this approach is hindered by the paucity of relevant reports based on cross-taxon congruence analysis. In this study, we investigated congruence patterns among aquatic groups (Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, Odonata and fish) in six rivers located in the Kerian River Basin (KRB), Malaysia. Species richness was significantly correlated among aquatic groups (except for Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera where r = 0.040 and P = 0.202). The strongest relationship in species richness was reported between Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. The Mantel's r coefficient of similarity matrices (based on the Bray-Curtis distance measure) showed a positive correlation between the matrices of Ephemeroptera-Trichoptera and Plecoptera-Trichoptera. However, a negative relationship was reported between Odonata-fish matrices. The relationships between average Trichoptera-Odonata distance to the centroid (i.e. beta diversity) among the aquatic groups were also investigated. The strongest relationship in the average to the centroids was reported between Ephemeroptera and Odonata (R2 = 0.424, P < 0.05). However, the weakest relationship was reported between Trichoptera and fish with R2 value of 0.024. It is concluded that richness of Plecoptera, Odonata and fish showed correlations patterns, and these can be used as surrogates for each other with some restrictions

Access to substituted thiapyrrolizidinones and fused pyridones using the domino N-acyliminium-thionium equilibrium/1,3-dipolar cycloaddition/desulfurization cyclization cascade

International audienceSubstituted thiapyrrolizidinones and fused pyridones, and quinolizinones were reported efficaciously from suitable thioamides in yields ranging from 30% to 65%. The reaction proceeded in a one-pot procedure as cascade process by the intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of thioisomünchnones followed by desulfurization of the adducts. During these investigations, the mechanistic aspects of the process were also discussed

Treatment Missing Data of Daily and Monthly Air Temperature in Some Iraqi cities by Using Curve Fitting

Climate change has become fast and entered a new stage and began to affect all regions of the world. so, the climate must be analyzed and studied accurately. In order to do this, should be available a continuous database without interruptions, to improve the accuracy of forecasts. Therefore, this research aims to treat the missing temperature data for the stations (Baghdad, Hilla, Basra, Nasiriya, and Samawa) by using the curve fitting method. In the monthly treatment for the period (1980-2020), it was observed that the highest match between the real and the treatment values ​​using the Gaussian function and the sine wave function was recorded in the summer months at (100%), and the lowest match was recorded in the winter months. The daily treatment period (2010-2020) recorded the highest match at (97%) in the summer, and the lowest match was recorded in the winter months. In order for the treated values ​​to be close to the real values, it is recommended to use this method for months from April to October. In the winter months, it should be used with caution

Expedious and practical synthesis of the bioactive alkaloids rutaecarpine, euxylophoricine A, deoxyvasicinone and their heterocyclic homologues

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Experimental study on TLDs equipped with an upper mounted baffle

Tuned Liquid Dampers (TLDs) have gained wide acceptance as a system for structural control and energy dissipation. However, they face limitation caused by low damping in deep water, which affects their efficiency. Another problem with deep water TLDs is that not all water depth participates in energy dissipation. This paper investigated the effect of upper mounted baffles on the effectiveness of TLDs. The Vertical Blockage Ratio (VBR) of baffles ranged from 10% -90%. The TLD (with and without baffle), structure, and combined structure with TLD (with and without baffles) were subjected to free and harmonic forced vibrations. Results indicated that baffles could significantly enhance the energy dissipation of TLDs, thus reducing structural responses more than structures equipped with ordinary TLDs. It was found that, there was an optimum valueof VBR in which the TLD's efficiency was maximized. When TLD had an appropriate VBR, the structural acceleration and displacement responses were suppressed significantly up to 51% and 56%, respectively

Characterization Of oil/ gas flow pattern in vertical pipes using electrical capacitance tomography

Electrical Capacitance Tomography provides the opportunity to visualize the contents of a process of many applications such as pipeline and obtain information on the flow configuration. Multiphase flow is an extremely complex field of fluid mechanics; the characteristics of the operations of many equipmentin different areas of industry such as oil and power generation are determined by the nature of flow of two phase or multiphase. In this study, a twin plane Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) electrode was designed, fabricated and used to image and characterize oil/gas flow in 67 mm pipe. The experiments were carried out in inclinable facility in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Nottingham University, UK. Conditions used are gas superficial velocities of 0.05 to 5.52 m/s and liquid superficial velocities of 0 to 0.54 m/s. The cross-section averaged void fraction and its variation in time were measured using electrical capacitance tomography. Also, Probability Density Functions are demonstrated and the structure velocity of flow is presented as well. In this project, Bubbly, slug, and churn flow configurations was observed. In addition, high speed video images of flow were obtained simultaneously and compared with tomographic images of the ECT system

An Easy Access to the Exocyclic Lactams Analogous of the Central Nervous System Active Tricyclic Nitroxapine, Mianserine and Chlothiapine Agents Using N-Acyliminium Chemistry

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