Establishment of HiMedNet and CIMIG in USERN

It is our honor to inform you that two new interest groups have joined the Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) family since March 2021. The first group is “History of Medicine Network (HiMedNet)” established by Dr. Arman Zargaran, as the founder, Hamed Ahansazan, as the managing director, and Dr. Mehrdad Karimi, as the supervisor. HiMedNet has been made to increase studies and research in the field of history of medicine and also to create a scientific and educational research group in order to target the teaching of research methods, publication and development of studies and research in this field of knowledge

European Medicine and Physicians in Safavid Iran

Simultaneous with the establishment of the Safavid dynasty, due to the developments in the global and regional relations, the ground was prepared for the expansion of Iran and Europe relations. The main reasons for this were the propagation of Christianity, the presence of the Ottoman government as a common enemy of Iran and Europe, as well as commercial interests. These relations reached their peak during the reign of Shah Abbas I., encouraging various groups of Europeans, such as religious missionaries, businessmen, ambassadors, political delegations, tourists, etc. to come to Iran.Physicians were seen in all the mentioned groups, especially in religious missionaries. So, owing to their presence, medical knowledge of European was introduced to Iranians. The first acquaintance with medical profession of European was obtained at the same time as the presence of the Portuguese in the Persian Gulf. Syphilis, which was first entered Iran from Europe in the late ninth century and was called smallpox, led European medicine to entering Iran.The researchers of the present study, based on the reports related to the presence and activity of European physicians in Iran, travelogues and historical and research books, have used a descriptive-analytical method to examine the medical status and European physicians in Safavid Iran

Investigating Medical Parallels between Two Works of Mythology and Epics; Ferdosi’s Shanameh from Iran and Fēng Shén Yǎn Yì from China

Some believe that ancient mythological and literary texts solely aimed to amuse and entertain, and were sprouted from their feelings and thoughts, and do not regard the study of the ancient and mythological stories as having the definiteness and clarity which science is known for it. Hence, this is why mythological stories in reality convey the beliefs, nature, attitudes and the extent of human knowledge at some point in history. They account for one of the most important signs of civilization and an important factor in creating cultural ties and dominance in the past. It is on this basis that literature is considered as a symbol of cultural competence and civilization of various nations. Although Ferdosi’s Shanameh from Iran and Fēng Shén Yǎn Yì from China are independent works, numerous similarities in various fields including mythological and medical elements are to be found. It can be concluded that the effects of each of these works have acknowledged the signs of old historical relations between Iran and China

Job stress and its related factors in nurses of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences

Background: Since work related stress imposes an uncustomary and irreversible adverse effect on work structure, it is considered as one of the most important job hazards in the health industry especially in hospitals. Objective: This study aimed to determine the Job stress and its related factors in nurses of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This is a descriptive cross sectional research study done by sampling census on 112 nursing personnel in one of the Qazvin educational medical hospitals in 2010 with use of a standard stress questionnaire. Information gathering tool included two sections of demographic information and job stress in 7 parts and SPSSWIN/18 software with a 95% confidence was used to evaluate the findings. Findings: Results indicate that 4.6% of the nurses have low job related stress; 74.1% with medium job related stress and 21.3%confront high job related stress. Since this study was based on evaluation of major important stressors; results indicated that between amount of intensity of work stress and demographic particulars of the studied society like sex, age, years of service, kind of employment ,level of education, work shift and amounts received have no significant relationship (P>0.05). Pearson coefficient correlation test results also indicated the followings: job stress or role ambiguity (P<0.001), over-loaded role (P=0.001), role scarcity (P=0.001), work intensity (P=0.004), work repetition (P<0.001) have a straight line relationship (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of various studies, work stress whether in a positive form or negative form, constitute an important part of individuals working life; hence with the existence of medium to high work stress intensity in the studied society we have to point out that long term stress at work will cause an irreparable damage and we have to change management view points and pay special attention for making a suitable work related condition or effective intervention in the important factors to reduce or eliminate stress from the work arenas, hence improving the quality of nursing services. Keyword