Ethnobotany of Some Useful Trees of Hindu-Kush Mountain Region: A Case Study of Swat Kohistan, District Swat, Pakistan

An ethnobotanical study was carried out in order to document the folk uses of tree species in the remote region of Swat Kohistan. The population of the region primarily depends upon plant resources for their domestic needs. It was found that 28 tree species belonging to 15 different families are utilized for multiple purposes in Swat Kohistan. Cedrus deodara and Pinus wallichiana is also exported to other parts of Pakistan and thus play a vital role in the economy of the area. Most of these tree species are also used for medicinal purposes

Ethnobotanical Studies of Some Useful Shrubs and Trees of District Buner, NWFP, Pakistan

The present study was carried out to assess and document ethnobotanical knowledge of shrubs and trees of District Buner as the area has diverse flora and high ethnobotanical potential. It was found that 94 different plant species are used for medicinal, timber, fuel wood, fodder, ornamental, agricultural tools, thatching, fencing, naming (folklore) and fruit yielding purposes. Bulk of plant species show multiple uses like Juglans regia wood is used for making furniture, gun woody parts, carving and as fuel. Root bark (Dandasa) is used for cleaning and sparkling teeth. Leaves are used by womenfolk for coloring lips (make-up). Nuts are edible and are traded to other parts of the country. The fruits are aphrodisiac and also used as dye. Decoction of leaves is given in eczema and intestinal worms. Used in naming, i.e., Ghuz. Several species like Abies pindrow, Berberis lycium, Juglans regia, Skimmia laureola, Daphne oleoides and Pistacea integrima are under severe pressure from local population and require protection and conservation strategies

Studies on the Traditional Uses of Plants of Malam Jabba Valley, District Swat, Pakistan

This paper is based on the results of a project carried out in the remote Hindukush-Himalayan region of Malam Jabba, in order to study the ethnobotanically valued flora of the area. Malam Jabba valley contains 187 plant species of ethnobotanical importance, belonging to 75 families. The plants were classified as medicinal plants (95 Species), agro forestry based plants (57 Spp.), vegetable and pot herb (39 Spp.), ornamental (32 Spp.) honey bee attracting (31 Spp.), agricultural tool making (32 Spp.), plants yielding edible fruits (30 Spp.), thatching and sheltering (27 Spp.), fencing and hedge plants (19 Spp.), poisonous (16 Spp.), and timber yielding plants (14 Spp.). The vegetation of the area is under high biotic pressure as a result of indiscriminate deforestation for different purposes and overgrazing as the locals are primarily dependent on the plant resources of the area. People utilize wood mainly as fuel and cut trees to make more land available for agriculture. Ruthless collection of medicinal plants in the area has threatened the existence of some indispensable and valuable medicinal plants like Paeonia emodi, Podophylum hexandrum, Valeriana Jatamansi and Acorus calamus in the area

Ethnobotanical Profile of Utror and Gabral Valleys, District Swat, Pakistan

Present studies were carried out to investigate ethnobotanical profile of Utror and Gabral. The twin valleys are located in the remote northwestern part of District Swat. The area is gifted with diverse and unique flora as it is adjacent to the confluence point of Himalayas, Hindu Kush and Karakorum. The people are mostly poor, illiterate and depend upon plant resources for their domestic needs. The inhabitants of Utror and Gabral utilize 176 plant species for more than 42 domestic needs. Based on their type of usage, the major usage types include 133 medicinal plants, 29 fuel wood species, 33 fodder species, 24 vegetables and pot herbs, 18 veterinary medicinal plants, 19 fruit yielding plants, 16 spices and condiments, 8 for construction and timber requirements, 10 ornamental plant species and 8 used as mouth wash (Maswak). Other miscellaneous uses of plants include aesthetics sense (1 species), anti lice (2 sp.), agricultural tools (8 sp.), thatching and roofing (5 sp.), baskets making (2 sp.), brooms (2 sp.), bridges (3 sp.), cosmetics (3 sp.), dye (2 sp.), dish cleaner (2 sp.), home decoration (2 sp.), feed (1 sp.), fencing (10 sp.), fish poison (2 sp.), furniture (8 sp.), honey bee attractant (8 sp), match industry (2 sp.), mythological use (6 sp.), naming (9 sp.), narcotic (3 sp.), oil (3 sp.), packing material (2 sp.), poisonous plants (6 sp.), ropes (2 sp.), anti snake and scorpion bite (5 sp.), soil binder (1 sp.), sticks/handles (3 sp.), snuff ash (1 sp.), shade tree (3 sp.), sport tools (1 sp.), tea (1 sp.) and utensil making (3 sp.). Most of the plants are used for multiple purposes. Some plants are also sold in the local markets, thus providing an additional source of income

COMPARISON BETWEEN THE EFFECTS OF THYMOQUINONE OBTAINED FROM THE SEEDS OF NIGELLA SATIVA AND VERAPAMIL ON THE VOLUME AND ACIDITY OF GASTRIC ACID SECRETION

Background and Objectives: The over production of gastric acid results in peptic ulcer. This study was done to compare the effects of thymoquinone and Verapamil on volume and acidity of carbachol induced gastric secretion. Methods: There were 24 rabbits used, weighing 1-1.5 kg. The rabbits were kept on fasting for 48 hours. After fasting, the pylorus of each rabbit was ligated. Thymoquinone 5 mg/kg, Carbachol 600mg/kg and Verapamil 10 mg/kg body weight were administered intraperitoneally. Pylorus ligation method was used for getting gastric contents and titration method was used for finding out acidity. Results: Verapamil has been proved very effective for the treatment of many diseases. The drug verapamil inhibits the release of histamine, acetylcholine and gastrin. Verapamil has also shown effects in reducing the secretion of gastric acid. It was found that Thymoquinone reduced the volume, free and total acidity of gastric secretion, which were statistically highly significant when compared with Carbachol (P=0.000) but when we compared the results of Thymoquinones with that of Verapamil, it was non-significant. Conclusions:   It was concluded that Thymoquinone can be used for the treatment of peptic ulcer and all other diseases which are caused by increased gastric acidity like dyspepsia, gastritis and reflux esophagitis.                             Peer Review History: Received 8 July 2020; Revised 14 August; Accepted 6 September, Available online 16 September 2020 Academic Editor: Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Hatem Sameir Abbas, Al-Azhar University, Egypt, [email protected] Prof. Dr. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, [email protected] Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, National Research Centre, Egypt, [email protected] Dr. Mahmut Yıldıztekin, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey, [email protected] Similar Articles: COMPARISION OF ANTIDYSLIPIEMIC POTENTIAL OF 80 MILLIGRAMS OF FENOFIBRATED WITH 8 GRAMS OF NIGELLA SATIVA SEEDS DAILY GC-MS ANALYSIS OF FIXED OILS OF NIGELLA SATIVA SEEDS WOUND DRESSINGS UPLOADED WITH MYRTLE BERRIES EXTRACT AND NIGELLA SATIVA HONE

Studies on Collection and Marketing of Morchella (Morels) of Utror-Gabral Valleys, District Swat, Pakistan

This paper is based on a research project carried out to study the collection and marketing status of morels in the remote HinduKush-Himalayan regions of Utror and Gabral, Pakistan. Eight species of morels were found to be collected in the project area during the months of March to July. Morchella conica and Morchella esculenta were the major species collected in the area. These morels are sold in the local markets of Madyan and Mingora, from where they are exported to France, Belgium, Switzerland, Austria and Germany. Morels thus provide a vital source of income to the poor population of Utror and Gabral. Morel collectors include 38.0% women, 37.0% men and 25.0% children. Huge quantities of morels are lost each year due to improper storage and collection techniques

Presentation and Management Outcome of Unilateral and Bilateral Prominent Ears with Standard Otoplasty Techniques

Objective: To determine the outcome of otoplasty in terms of a satisfactory cosmetic outcome and any postoperative complications. Methodology: This descriptive case series was carried out over a period of five years from January 2017 to December 2021 at the Burn and Trauma Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. Patients of all ages and genders who presented with prominent ears and underwent corrective procedures at our institute were included. Patients who were unwilling to undergo surgery or who did not consent to inclusion in the study were excluded. Patients with constricted ears, cryptotia, shell ears, and question mark ears were also excluded. Results: Out of 45 patients, 29 (64.44%) were females and 16 (35.55%) were males. Their ages ranged between 11-30 years, with a mean of 22.28±5.49 years. The anomaly was bilateral in 84.44% (n = 38) of the patients, while 15.55% (n=7) patients had unilateral defects. 57.7% (n=26) of the patients were unmarried, whereas 42.3% (n=19) were married. All the patients had satisfactory cosmetic outcomes. Various complications encountered included extrusion of sutures (n=3; 6.66%) and superficial wound infection (n=1; 2.22%). Conclusion: Correction of the prominent ears with the standard otoplasty techniques yields satisfactory cosmetic results. Lasting results can be achieved by combining different otoplasty techniques that are stable over time

Studies on Collection and Marketing of \u3cem\u3eMorchella\u3c/em\u3e (Morels) of Utror-Gabral Valleys, District Swat, Pakistan

This paper is based on a research project carried out to study the collection and marketing status of morels in the remote HinduKush-Himalayan regions of Utror and Gabral, Pakistan. Eight species of morels were found to be collected in the project area during the months of March to July. Morchella conica and Morchella esculenta were the major species collected in the area. These morels are sold in the local markets of Madyan and Mingora, from where they are exported to France, Belgium, Switzerland, Austria and Germany. Morels thus provide a vital source of income to the poor population of Utror and Gabral. Morel collectors include 38.0% women, 37.0% men and 25.0% children. Huge quantities of morels are lost each year due to improper storage and collection techniques

Ethnobotanical Resources of Manikhel Forests, Orakzai Tirah, Pakistan

Manikhel forests, the far southern extension of Hindu Kush Mountain ranges, exhibit rich floral diversity in its nearly 175 Km2 area. It comprises sub-tropical semi deciduous thorny forests in the southern low lying Mediterranean type of climate and evergreen Oak-Yew forests in the northern faces of the Himalayan type of climate. A wide variety of plants are present in the area but this paper includes only those species whose common use is either known locally or they are in daily use for various purposes. The present investigations comprise 172 plant species belonging to 80 families. Bulk of these plants exhibit multiple uses. The local population is entirely rural and poor. They are primarily dependent on the forest resources for their necessities

Common Medicinal Folk Recipes of District Buner, NWFP, Pakistan

An ethnobotanical project was carried out in the remote mountainous region of District Buner. Locals rely on medicinal plants for curing different ailments since time immemorial. However, recent and ever increasing dependency of locals on allopathic drugs along with industrialization, urbanization and globalization trends slowly but surely are modifying indigenous values and culture. The existing ethnobotanical knowledge of the area will not remain intact for long. In present study an effort was made to document common folk recipes of the area. Thus folk recipes used for curing 30 common diseases in the area were documented