The Flameretardant Study of PVA Using for Corrugated Cardboard

AbstractCorrugated cardboards have truss structure, so these have advantageous in terms of specific strength, workability, price and recycling efficiency. For these properties, corrugated cardboards are used as packing materials. In this research We tried to study about the flameretardancy (FR) of a corrugated cardboards using for Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The coating PVA on the cardboard is possible to be recyclable, because PVA has water solubility. Also the reason using PVA is to protect from the toxicity of flameretardant, which is used to the cardboards. We studied the FR-PVA for different with decomposition point of FR agent. We measured TGA and combustion test of the PVA. In the result, we could get the flameretardancy of PVA

Prolonged maturation of prefrontal white matter in chimpanzees

Delayed maturation in the prefrontal cortex, a brain region associated with complex cognitive processing, has been proposed to be specific to humans. However, we found, using a longitudinal design, that prefrontal white matter volume in chimpanzees increased gradually with age, and the increase appears to continue beyond the onset of puberty, as in humans. This provides the first evidence for a prolonged period of prefrontal connection elaboration in great apes

日本人の免疫性血栓性血小板減少性紫斑病患者における不十分な血漿交換は致死的な転帰と強く相関する

Plasma exchange (PEX) using fresh frozen plasma has considerably reduced the mortality rate in patients with immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP). However, some patients still do not survive even with treatment, but little information is available regarding which treatment these patients received. This study was conducted to obtain this information in 240 patients who met the current iTTP diagnostic criteria and completed at least 30 days of follow-up except for deceased cases. These patients were divided into three groups: survivors (n = 195), TTP-related deaths (n = 32), and other cause of death (n = 13). In the TTP-related death group, 26 of 32 patients experienced sudden death, mostly following radical hypotension and bradycardia. The median follow-up time after admission was 5.0 days, and the median number of PEX sessions was 2.5. Nine patients underwent autopsy and had cardiac microvascular thrombi in arterioles. Levels of lactate dehydrogenase, total bilirubin, serum creatinine, and D-dimer were significantly higher in the TTP-related death group than in the survivors group. Frequent PEX (> 20 sessions) was not associated with TTP-related death. In the acute phase of iTTP, patients with substantial organ damage caused by microthrombi have a greater mortality risk, even after just a few PEX sessions.博士（医学）・乙第1518号・令和3年12月21日© Japanese Society of Hematology 2021.The version of record of this article, first published in International journal of hematology, is available online at Publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12185-021-03197-5.発行元が定める登録猶予期間終了の後、本文を登録予定（2022.10

Spiral ganglion cell degeneration‐induced deafness as a consequence of reduced GATA factor activity

Zinc‐finger transcription factors GATA2 and GATA3 are both expressed in the developing inner ear, although their overlapping versus distinct activities in adult definitive inner ear are not well understood. We show here that GATA2 and GATA3 are co‐expressed in cochlear spiral ganglion cells and redundantly function in the maintenance of spiral ganglion cells and auditory neural circuitry. Notably, Gata2 and Gata3 compound heterozygous mutant mice had a diminished number of spiral ganglion cells due to enhanced apoptosis, which resulted in progressive hearing loss. The decrease in spiral ganglion cellularity was associated with lowered expression of neurotrophin receptor TrkC that is an essential factor for spiral ganglion cell survival. We further show that Gata2 null mutants that additionally bear a Gata2 YAC (yeast artificial chromosome) that counteracts the lethal hematopoietic deficiency due to complete Gata2 loss nonetheless failed to complement the deficiency in neonatal spiral ganglion neurons. Furthermore, cochlea‐specific Gata2 deletion mice also had fewer spiral ganglion cells and resultant hearing impairment. These results show that GATA2 and GATA3 redundantly function to maintain spiral ganglion cells and hearing. We propose possible mechanisms underlying hearing loss in human GATA2‐ or GATA3‐related genetic disorders.Our results demonstrate that GATA2 and GATA3 redundantly function to maintain inner ear spiral ganglion cells and hearing. We propose possible mechanisms underlying hearing loss in human GATA2‐ or GATA3‐related genetic disorders.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151287/1/gtc12705.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151287/2/gtc12705_am.pd

Construction of a genetic AND gate under a new standard for assembly of genetic parts

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Appropriate regulation of respective gene expressions is a bottleneck for the realization of artificial biological systems inside living cells. The modification of several promoter sequences is required to achieve appropriate regulation of the systems. However, a time-consuming process is required for the insertion of an operator, a binding site of a protein for gene expression, to the gene regulatory region of a plasmid. Thus, a standardized method for integrating operator sequences to the regulatory region of a plasmid is required.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We developed a standardized method for integrating operator sequences to the regulatory region of a plasmid and constructed a synthetic promoter that functions as a genetic AND gate. By standardizing the regulatory region of a plasmid and the operator parts, we established a platform for modular assembly of the operator parts. Moreover, by assembling two different operator parts on the regulatory region, we constructed a regulatory device with an AND gate function.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We implemented a new standard to assemble operator parts for construction of functional genetic logic gates. The logic gates at the molecular scale have important implications for reprogramming cellular behavior.</p

A novel in vitro survival assay of small intestinal stem cells after exposure to ionizing radiation

The microcolony assay developed by Withers and Elkind has been a gold standard to assess the surviving fraction of small intestinal stem cells after exposure to high (?8 Gy) doses of ionizing radiation (IR), but is not applicable in cases of exposure to lower doses. Here, we developed a novel in vitro assay that enables assessment of the surviving fraction of small intestinal stem cells after exposure to lower IR doses. The assay includes in vitro culture of small intestinal stem cells, which allows the stem cells to develop into epithelial organoids containing all four differentiated cell types of the small intestine. We used Lgr5-EGFP-IRES-CreERT2/ROSA26-tdTomato mice to identify Lgr5+ stem cells and their progeny. Enzymatically dissociated single crypt cells from the duodenum and jejunum of mice were irradiated with 7.25, 29, 101, 304, 1000, 2000 and 4000 mGy of X-rays immediately after plating, and the number of organoids was counted on Day 12. Organoid-forming efficiency of irradiated cells relative to that of unirradiated controls was defined as the surviving fraction of stem cells. We observed a significant decrease in the surviving fraction of stem cells at ?1000 mGy. Moreover, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses and passage of the organoids revealed that proliferation of stem cells surviving IR is significantly potentiated. Together, the present study demonstrates that the in vitro assay is useful for quantitatively assessing the surviving fraction of small intestinal stem cells after exposure to lower doses of IR as compared with previous examinations using the microcolony assay