3,467 research outputs found
Development of a Detector Control System for the ATLAS Pixel Detector
The innermost part of the ATLAS experiment will be a pixel detector
containing around 1750 individual detector modules. A detector control system
(DCS) is required to handle thousands of I/O channels with varying
characteristics. The main building blocks of the pixel DCS are the cooling
system, the power supplies and the thermal interlock system, responsible for
the ultimate safety of the pixel sensors. The ATLAS Embedded Local Monitor
Board (ELMB), a multi purpose front end I/O system with a CAN interface, is
foreseen for several monitoring and control tasks. The Supervisory, Control And
Data Acquisition (SCADA) system will use PVSS, a commercial software product
chosen for the CERN LHC experiments. We report on the status of the different
building blocks of the ATLAS pixel DCS.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, ICALEPCS 200
The Optimal Single Copy Measurement for the Hidden Subgroup Problem
The optimization of measurements for the state distinction problem has
recently been applied to the theory of quantum algorithms with considerable
successes, including efficient new quantum algorithms for the non-abelian
hidden subgroup problem. Previous work has identified the optimal single copy
measurement for the hidden subgroup problem over abelian groups as well as for
the non-abelian problem in the setting where the subgroups are restricted to be
all conjugate to each other. Here we describe the optimal single copy
measurement for the hidden subgroup problem when all of the subgroups of the
group are given with equal a priori probability. The optimal measurement is
seen to be a hybrid of the two previously discovered single copy optimal
measurements for the hidden subgroup problem.Comment: 8 pages. Error in main proof fixe
An efficient quantum algorithm for the hidden subgroup problem in extraspecial groups
Extraspecial groups form a remarkable subclass of p-groups. They are also
present in quantum information theory, in particular in quantum error
correction. We give here a polynomial time quantum algorithm for finding hidden
subgroups in extraspecial groups. Our approach is quite different from the
recent algorithms presented in [17] and [2] for the Heisenberg group, the
extraspecial p-group of size p3 and exponent p. Exploiting certain nice
automorphisms of the extraspecial groups we define specific group actions which
are used to reduce the problem to hidden subgroup instances in abelian groups
that can be dealt with directly.Comment: 10 page
Changepoint detection on a graph of time series
When analysing multiple time series that may be subject to changepoints, it
is sometimes possible to specify a priori, by means of a graph G, which pairs
of time series are likely to be impacted by simultaneous changepoints. This
article proposes a novel Bayesian changepoint model for multiple time series
that borrows strength across clusters of connected time series in G to detect
weak signals for synchronous changepoints. The graphical changepoint model is
further extended to allow dependence between nearby but not necessarily
synchronous changepoints across neighbour time series in G. A novel reversible
jump MCMC algorithm making use of auxiliary variables is proposed to sample
from the graphical changepoint model. The merit of the proposed model is
demonstrated via a changepoint analysis of real network authentication data
from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), with some success at detecting weak
signals for network intrusions across users that are linked by network
connectivity, whilst limiting the number of false alerts.Comment: 31 pages, 13 figure
Climate impacts of a large-scale biofuels expansion
A global biofuels program will potentially lead to intense pressures on land supply and cause widespread transformations in land use. These transformations can alter the Earth climate system by increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from land use changes and by changing the reflective and energy exchange characteristics of land ecosystems. Using an integrated assessment model that links an economic model with climate, terrestrial biogeochemistry, and biogeophysics models, we examined the biogeochemical and biogeophysical effects of possible land use changes from an expanded global second-generation bioenergy program on surface temperatures over the first half of the 21st century. Our integrated assessment model shows that land clearing, especially forest clearing, has two concurrent effects—increased GHG emissions, resulting in surface air warming; and large changes in the land's reflective and energy exchange characteristics, resulting in surface air warming in the tropics but cooling in temperate and polar regions. Overall, these biogeochemical and biogeophysical effects will only have a small impact on global mean surface temperature. However, the model projects regional patterns of enhanced surface air warming in the Amazon Basin and the eastern part of the Congo Basin. Therefore, global land use strategies that protect tropical forests could dramatically reduce air warming projected in these regions.United States. Dept. of Energ
Impact on adolescent mental health of replacing screen-use with exercise: A prospective cohort study
BACKGROUND: Screen-based device use could increase the risk of adolescent depression. Distinct modalities of screen-use may have differential effects on mental health. We used compositional data analysis to examine how theoretically replacing different screen-uses with exercise might influence future adolescent emotional distress. METHODS: In 4,599 adolescents (55% female) from a nationally-representative, prospective cohort, we used time-use diary data at age 14 to estimate daily screen use (television, social media, video game, general computer use) and exercise (team sport and individual exercise). The outcome was emotional distress at age 17, assessed using the emotional symptoms subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. RESULTS: Theoretically replacing 60 minutes of total screen time with exercise at age 14 was associated with a 0.05 (95%CI -0.08, -0.02) score reduction on the emotional symptoms' subscale at 17 in fully-adjusted models. Replacing 60 minutes of television or social media use with team sports was associated with a reduction of 0.17 (95%CI, -0.31, -0.04) and 0.15 (95%CI, -0.29, -0.01) in emotional symptom scores, respectively. We found no change in emotional symptom scores when replacing video game or general computer use with team sport, or when replacing any screen time with individual exercise. LIMITATIONS: No direct measure of depressive symptoms at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Replacing any screen time with exercise could reduce emotional distress, but the largest effect sizes were associated with replacing time in television watching and social media with team sports. Recommendations to limit screen-use in adolescents may require a nuanced approach for protecting mental health
Computational Indistinguishability between Quantum States and Its Cryptographic Application
We introduce a computational problem of distinguishing between two specific
quantum states as a new cryptographic problem to design a quantum cryptographic
scheme that is "secure" against any polynomial-time quantum adversary. Our
problem, QSCDff, is to distinguish between two types of random coset states
with a hidden permutation over the symmetric group of finite degree. This
naturally generalizes the commonly-used distinction problem between two
probability distributions in computational cryptography. As our major
contribution, we show that QSCDff has three properties of cryptographic
interest: (i) QSCDff has a trapdoor; (ii) the average-case hardness of QSCDff
coincides with its worst-case hardness; and (iii) QSCDff is computationally at
least as hard as the graph automorphism problem in the worst case. These
cryptographic properties enable us to construct a quantum public-key
cryptosystem, which is likely to withstand any chosen plaintext attack of a
polynomial-time quantum adversary. We further discuss a generalization of
QSCDff, called QSCDcyc, and introduce a multi-bit encryption scheme that relies
on similar cryptographic properties of QSCDcyc.Comment: 24 pages, 2 figures. We improved presentation, and added more detail
proofs and follow-up of recent wor
The effect of explosions in road tunnels on critical structural elements
In the present paper, the walls of a concrete frame used for over-decking in a road tunnel were first designed using the relevant design provisions. The response of the wall was then analysed using non-linear finite element analysis, and the results of the finite element analysis were compared to what was predicted using the design guidelines. Additionally, simulations of the blast load resulting from gas leakage during transportation were conducted as a separate study. The results from two vapour clouds containing gases of hydrogen and propane were compared
Including Systematic Uncertainties in Confidence Interval Construction for Poisson Statistics
One way to incorporate systematic uncertainties into the calculation of
confidence intervals is by integrating over probability density functions
parametrizing the uncertainties. In this note we present a development of this
method which takes into account uncertainties in the prediction of background
processes, uncertainties in the signal detection efficiency and background
efficiency and allows for a correlation between the signal and background
detection efficiencies. We implement this method with the Feldman & Cousins
unified approach with and without conditioning. We present studies of coverage
for the Feldman & Cousins and Neyman ordering schemes. In particular, we
present two different types of coverage tests for the case where systematic
uncertainties are included. To illustrate the method we show the relative
effect of including systematic uncertainties the case of dark matter search as
performed by modern neutrino tel escopes.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures, replaced to match published versio
Solving the Shortest Vector Problem in Lattices Faster Using Quantum Search
By applying Grover's quantum search algorithm to the lattice algorithms of
Micciancio and Voulgaris, Nguyen and Vidick, Wang et al., and Pujol and
Stehl\'{e}, we obtain improved asymptotic quantum results for solving the
shortest vector problem. With quantum computers we can provably find a shortest
vector in time , improving upon the classical time
complexity of of Pujol and Stehl\'{e} and the of Micciancio and Voulgaris, while heuristically we expect to find a
shortest vector in time , improving upon the classical time
complexity of of Wang et al. These quantum complexities
will be an important guide for the selection of parameters for post-quantum
cryptosystems based on the hardness of the shortest vector problem.Comment: 19 page
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