28 research outputs found

    Upregulation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-Ouabain System in the Brain Is the Core Mechanism in the Genesis of All Types of Hypertension

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    Basic research using animal models points to a causal role of the central nervous system in essential hypertension; however, since clinical research is technically difficult to perform, this connection has not been confirmed in humans. Recently, renal nerve ablation in humans proved to continuously decrease blood pressure in resistant hypertension. Furthermore, when electrical stimulation was continuously applied to the carotid baroreceptor nerve of human adults, their blood pressure lowered. These findings promoted the concept that the central nervous system may actually be involved in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, which is closely associated with excess sodium intake. We have demonstrated that endogenous digitalis plays a key role in hypertension associated with excess sodium intake via sympathetic activation in rats. Increased sodium concentration inside the brain activates epithelial sodium channels and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the brain. Aldosterone releases ouabain from neurons in the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus. Angiotensin II and aldosterone of peripheral origin reach the brain to augment sympathetic outflow. Collectively essential hypertension associated with excess sodium intake and obesity, renovascular hypertension, and primary aldosteronism and pseudoaldosteronism all seem to have a common cause originating from the central nervous system

    Upregulation of the Renin-Angiotensin-aldosteroneouabain system in the brain is the core mechanism in the genesis of all types of hypertension

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    Basic research using animal models points to a causal role of the central nervous system in essential hypertension; however, since clinical research is technically difficult to perform, this connection has not been confirmed in humans. Recently, renal nerve ablation in humans proved to continuously decrease blood pressure in resistant hypertension. Furthermore, when electrical stimulation was continuously applied to the carotid baroreceptor nerve of human adults, their blood pressure lowered. These findings promoted the concept that the central nervous system may actually be involved in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, which is closely associated with excess sodium intake. We have demonstrated that endogenous digitalis plays a key role in hypertension associated with excess sodium intake via sympathetic activation in rats. Increased sodium concentration inside the brain activates epithelial sodium channels and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the brain. Aldosterone releases ouabain from neurons in the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus. Angiotensin II and aldosterone of peripheral origin reach the brain to augment sympathetic outflow. Collectively essential hypertension associated with excess sodium intake and obesity, renovascular hypertension, and primary aldosteronism and pseudoaldosteronism all seem to have a common cause originating from the central nervous system

    New Insights into the Therapeutic Management of Morning Hypertension with 伪1-Adrenergic Receptor Blockers

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    Czynno艣膰 serca u pacjent贸w w podesz艂ym wieku rehabilitowanych w fazie rekonwalescencji: okre艣lenie metod leczenia podczas pandemii niewydolno艣ci serca

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    Cele badania: Badanie to mia艂o na celu ocen臋 czynno艣ci serca u pacjent贸w w podesz艂ym wieku przyj臋tych na oddzia艂 rehabilitacji w okresie rekonwalescencji. Wraz z innymi zmiennymi laboratoryjnymi oraz demograficznymi, analizie statystycznej poddano N-ko艅cowy fragment propeptydu natriuretycznego typu B (NT-proBNP). Metody: Parametry laboratoryjne obejmowa艂y: NT-proBNP, albuminy w surowicy, hemoglobin臋 (Hb), cholesterol w lipoproteinach o niskiej g臋sto艣ci, hemoglobin臋 Hb A1c oraz szacowany wsp贸艂czynnik filtracji k艂臋buszkowej (eGFR). Ponadto, przeanalizowano ilo艣膰 oraz trendy stosowania lek贸w dzia艂aj膮cych na uk艂ad sercowo-naczyniowy. Wyniki: Czterysta pi臋膰dziesi臋ciu siedmiu pacjent贸w przyj臋to w ci膮gu ca艂ego roku 2017 (188 m臋偶czyzn i 269 kobiet, w wieku 83 卤10.1 lat). Liczba pacjent贸w z poziomami NT-proBNP powy偶ej 125, 400, oraz 900 pg/mL wynosi艂a odpowiednio 347 (75.9%), 204 (44.6%), oraz 109 (23.9%). Odsetek pacjent贸w leczonych na nadci艣nienie, cukrzyc臋, oraz na hipercholesterolemi臋 wynosi艂 odpowiednio 51.8%, 20.5%, oraz 18.0%. N-ko艅cowy fragment propeptydu natriuretycznego typu B dodatnio korelowa艂 z wiekiem (p=0.003), a ujemnie z albuminami (p<0.0000) oraz Hb (p=0.0000). Analiza regresji wielokrotnej NT-proBNP z wiekiem, albuminami, eGFR, Hb, cholesterolem w lipoproteinach o niskiej g臋sto艣ci oraz licznymi lekami, jako zmiennymi niezale偶nymi, wykaza艂a tylko istotn膮 statystycznie ujemn膮 korelacj臋 niezale偶nie z albuminami (p<0.0000) i eGFR (p<0.0000). Wnioski: Wyniki te wskazuj膮, 偶e 3 na 4 pacjent贸w w starszym wieku w czasie rehabilitacji w fazie rekonwalescencji cierpi na przewlek艂膮 zastoinow膮 niewydolno艣ci膮 serca, a odpowiednie od偶ywianie jest kluczowe w zapobieganiu zwi臋kszania si臋 niewydolno艣ci serca w tej grupie ludzi. nullObjectives: This study aimed to evaluate cardiac function in elderly inpatients admitted to a recovery phase rehabilitation ward. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was statistically analyzed, along with other laboratory and demographic variables. Methods: Laboratory parameters included NT-proBNP, serum albumin, hemoglobin (Hb), l ow-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). In addition, a number of medications and trends in the use of cardiovascular agents were examined. Results: Four hundred and fifty-seven patients were admitted throughout the year 2017 (188 men and 269 women, aged 83 卤10.1 years). The number of patients with NT-proBNP levels of more than 125, 400, and 900 pg/mL were 347 (75.9%), 204 (44.6%), and 109 (23.9%), respectively. The percentage of patients that had been treated for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia were 51.8%, 20.5%, and 18.0%, respectively. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide positively correlated with age (p=0.003), and negatively with albumin (p<0.0000) and with Hb (p=0.0000). Multiple regression analysis of NT-proBNP with age, albumin, eGFR, Hb, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and number of medications as independent variables revealed significant negative correlation only with albumin (p<0.0000) and eGFR (p<0.0000) independently. Conclusions: These results indicate that 3 out of 4 elderly inpatients in the recovery phase of rehabilitation are affected by chronic congestive heart failure, and management of nutrition is essential for prevention and progression of heart failure in this group

    Czynno艣膰 serca u pacjent贸w w podesz艂ym wieku rehabilitowanych w fazie rekonwalescencji: okre艣lenie metod leczenia podczas epidemii niewydolno艣ci serca

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    Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate cardiac function in elderly inpatients admitted to a recovery phase rehabilitation ward. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was statistically analyzed, along with other laboratory and demographic variables. Methods: Laboratory parameters included NT-proBNP, serum albumin, hemoglobin (Hb), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). In addition, a number of medications and trends in the use of cardiovascular agents were examined. Results: Four hundred and fifty-seven patients were admitted throughout the year 2017 (188 men and 269 women, aged 83 卤10.1 years). The number of patients with NT-proBNP levels of more than 125, 400, and 900 pg/mL were 347 (75.9%), 204 (44.6%), and 109 (23.9%), respectively. The percentage of patients that had been treated for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia were 51.8%, 20.5%, and 18.0%, respectively. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide positively correlated with age (p=0.003), and negatively with albumin (p<0.0000) and with Hb (p=0.0000). Multiple regression analysis of NT-proBNP with age, albumin, eGFR, Hb, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and number of medications as independent variables revealed significant negative correlation only with albumin (p<0.0000) and eGFR (p<0.0000) independently. Conclusions: These results indicate that 3 out of 4 elderly inpatients in the recovery phase of rehabilitation are affected by chronic congestive heart failure, and management of nutrition is essential for prevention and progression of heart failure in this group.Cele badania: Badanie to mia艂o na celu ocen臋 czynno艣ci serca u pacjent贸w w podesz艂ym wieku przyj臋tych na oddzia艂 rehabilitacji w okresie rekonwalescencji. Wraz z innymi zmiennymi laboratoryjnymi oraz demograficznymi, analizie statystycznej poddano N-ko艅cowy fragment propeptydu natriuretycznego typu B (NT-proBNP). Metody: Parametry laboratoryjne obejmowa艂y: NT-proBNP, albuminy w surowicy, hemoglobin臋 (Hb), cholesterol w lipoproteinach o niskiej g臋sto艣ci, hemoglobin臋 Hb A1c oraz szacowany wsp贸艂czynnik filtracji k艂臋buszkowej (eGFR). Ponadto, przeanalizowano ilo艣膰 oraz trendy stosowania lek贸w dzia艂aj膮cych na uk艂ad sercowo-naczyniowy. Wyniki: Czterystu pi臋膰dziesi臋ciu siedmiu pacjent贸w przyj臋to w ci膮gu ca艂ego roku 2017 (188 m臋偶czyzn i 269 kobiet, w wieku 83 卤10,1 lat). Liczba pacjent贸w z poziomami NT-proBNP powy偶ej 125, 400 oraz 900 pg/mL wynosi艂a odpowiednio 347 (75,9%), 204 (44,6%), oraz 109 (23,9%). Odsetek pacjent贸w leczonych na nadci艣nienie, cukrzyc臋, oraz na hipercholesterolemi臋 wynosi艂 odpowiednio 51,8%, 20,5% oraz 18,0%. N-ko艅cowy fragment propeptydu natriuretycznego typu B dodatnio korelowa艂 z wiekiem (p=0,003), a ujemnie z albuminami (p<0,0000) oraz Hb (p=0,0000). Analiza regresji wielokrotnej NT-proBNP z wiekiem, albuminami, eGFR, Hb, cholesterolem w lipoproteinach o niskiej g臋sto艣ci oraz licznymi lekami, jako zmiennymi niezale偶nymi, wykaza艂a tylko istotn膮 statystycznie ujemn膮 korelacj臋 niezale偶nie z albuminami (p<0,0000) i eGFR (p<0,0000). Wnioski: Wyniki te wskazuj膮, 偶e 3 na 4 pacjent贸w w starszym wieku w czasie rehabilitacji w fazie rekonwalescencji cierpi na przewlek艂膮 zastoinow膮 niewydolno艣膰 serca, a odpowiednie od偶ywianie jest kluczowe w zapobieganiu zwi臋kszania si臋 niewydolno艣ci serca w tej grupie ludzi

    Validation of the Omron HBP-9031C blood pressure monitor for clinics and hospitals according to the ANSI/AAMI/ISO 81060-2:2013 protocol

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    Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the Omron HBP-9031C automated oscillometric upper-arm blood pressure (BP) measurement device for blood pressure monitoring, according to the ANSI/AAMI/ISO 81060-2:2013 protocol (ANSI/AAMI/ISO). Participants and Method: The device evaluations were performed in 85 participants, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the protocol. The validation procedure and data analysis followed the protocol precisely. Results: In the ANSI/AAMI/ISO 81060-2-2013 validation procedure (criterion 1), the mean &plusmn; SD of the differences between the test device and reference BP was 0.5 &plusmn; 7.84/-1.9 &plusmn; 6.30 mmHg (systolic/diastolic). The mean differences between the two observers and the Omron HBP-9031C were 0.5 &plusmn; 6.69 mmHg (range, &minus;18 to 15 mmHg) for systolic BP and -1.9 &plusmn; 5.63 mmHg (range, &minus;17 to 14 mmHg) for diastolic BP, according to criterion 2. The two criteria of the ANSI/AAMI/ISO were fulfilled. Conclusion: The professional OMRON BP monitor, HBP-9031C fulfilled the requirements of the ANSI/AAMI/ISO validation standard and can be recommended for clinical use
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