Identifying Molecular Functions of Heliotropic Motor Tissue Through Proteomic Analysis of Soybean Pulvini

Heliotropic and nyctinastic leaf movement are mediated in soybean through turgor changes in the motor cells of the pulvinus, located at the base of the leaves. While some elements of the signaling pathways have been studied, a broad-scale protein identification has not yet been reported. In my research pulvini proteins were extracted in light- and dark-harvested soybean using the TCA/acetone method and identified by LC-MS/MS. Gene ontology analysis revealed proteins involved in proton transport were enriched in the soybean pulvinus proteome compared to a background soybean proteome. Proteins more highly expressed in the light were mostly stress response proteins, while under-expressed proteins were categorized as energy proteins. Further investigations using more sensitive extraction protocols and a multitude of sample times will build on these initial results to provide a thorough examination of heliotropic mechanisms at the molecular level

Otimização da logística de produção e uso de biocombustíveis sólidos a partir de resíduos agrícolas

Monografia (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, 2015.A partir da teoria de otimização linear e da utilização do programa GAMS, este trabalho pretende identificar possíveis localizações ótimas para o estabelecimento de usinas termoelétricas que possam utilizar os resíduos da agricultura oriundos da produção de soja e milho no Estado de Mato Grosso. O processo tecnológico a ser analisado para essa otimização envolve a densificação energética dos resíduos de biomassa, através da torrefação, briquetagem e peletização. Também foram tratados o transporte da biomassa até as termoelétricas e a utilização dessa energia através de gaseificação ou combustão direta para a geração de eletricidade. A função otimizada será o custo ambiental e do uso de combustível para o transporte da biomassa. Serão calculados os custos de transporte entre unidades de densificação e usinas, custos de densificação e custos ambientais de emissão de carbono para ambos os processos. Também serão calculados os potenciais, as receitas geradas pela venda de energia elétrica e pela emissão de gás carbônico evitada. __________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis work seeks, through the linear optimization and the use of the GAMS program, to identify optimal locations for the establishment of thermoelectric plants that can use the agricultural wastes originated from the production of soybeans and corn in the state of Mato Grosso. The technological process to be optimized involves the energetic densification of the biomass residues, through the torrefaction, briquetting and palletization. The biomass transportation to the thermoelectric plants and the energy utilization through the gasification or the direct combustion for the energy generation will be also analyzed. The function to be optimized will be the environmental cost and the fuel used for the for the transportation of the biomass. Transportation costs between the densification and plants, densification and environmental costs of carbon emission from both processes will be calculated. The revenue generated by the electric energy sales and by the avoided carbon emissions will be calculated too

Visão holística : um caminho para a "feliz idade"

Orientador: Fernando Renato CavichiolliMonografia (licenciatura) - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Biológicas. Curso de Educação Físic

Primary health care in Rio de Janeiro – what’s different?

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Fracture healing valuation using X-ray microtomography

A microtomografia 3D por raio-X proporciona medidas quantitativas e tridimensionais da estrutura do calo e essas medidas podem potencialmente estar relacionadas com a resistência do calo. A avaliação quantitativa do reparo ósseo por meio de novas metodologias tem importante aplicação nas pesquisas experimentais relacionadas a tecnologias invasivas e não invasivas para a estimulação do mesmo. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o reparo ósseo por meio da μCT em defeito ósseo em fêmur de rato. Trinta ratos machos da classe Wistar com peso médio de 300g foram divididos em grupos experimentais de 10 animais em cada grupo. Os animais foram anestesiados e um furo com 1,2mm de diâmetro foi realizada na porção medial do fêmur utilizando-se uma broca odontológica. No 7º, 14º e 21º pós-cirúrgico, os animais dos grupos experimentais 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente, foram sacrificados e o fêmur esquerdo excisado. Os fêmures foram envolvidos em gaze e mergulhas em solução PBS e armazenados em um saco plástico em freezer a -20º até a análise microtomográfica. Os fêmures foram escaneados pelo microtomógrafo 1172 (SkyScan, Bélgica). Os softwares NRecon, Dataviewer, CT-Analyzer and CT-Vol, fornecidos pelo fabricante do microtomógrafo, foram utilizados para as seguinte análises: a) análise visual das reconstruções microtomográficas dos fêmures através de secções transversais, coronais e sagitais; b) segmentação do calo ósseo nas reconstruções através de algoritmo de processamento de imagem para quantificação dos parâmetros volume total do calo ósseo (TV), volume do calo ósseo mineralizado (BV), relação BV/TV e densidade mineral óssea volumétrica do calo ósseo (BMD); c) visualização 3D do calo ósseo. A análise estatística dos parâmetros medidos utilizou o teste t de Student com um nível de significância p < 0,05. Houve um aumento estatisticamente significante nos valores dos parâmetros BV/TV e BMD na comparação entre os grupos experimentais 1 e 2. A comparação entre os grupos 3 e 4 não apresentou significância estatística. Os resultados são coerentes com dados encontrados na literatura sobre a fisiologia óssea, porém o algoritmo de processamento de imagem utilizado necessita aprimoramento em alguns de seus procedimentos para se obter melhor resultado de segmentação do calo ósseo na região de interesseX-ray microtomography (uCT) provides quantitative and three dimensional measurements of the callus structure and these measurements could potentially be related to callus strength. The assessment of bone repair through new methodologies has important application in animal investigations regarding invasive or non invasive technologies for the stimulation of bone healing. The aim of this investigation was the use of μCT for the assessment of bone repair in a rat femur bone defect. Thirty male Wistar rats weighting about 300g were divided in three experimental groups with 10 animals on each group. The animals were anesthetized and a circular hole with a 1.2mm diameter was generated at the medial region of the left femur using a dental drill. At the 7th, 14th and 21st day after surgery the animals of experimental groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively, were sacrificed and the left femur excised. The femurs were wrapped in gauze immersed in phosphate-buffered solution and stored in a plastic bag at -20oC until the analysis by microtomograph. The femurs were scanned by the 1172 microtomograph (SkyScan, Belgium). The softwares NRecon, Dataviewer, CT-Analyzer and CT-Vol, provided by the microtomograph manufacture, were used for the following assessments: a) visual examination of the femurs microtomographic reconstructions using transversal, coronal and sagittal sections; b) segmentation of the bone callus in the reconstructions using an image processing algorithm to quantify the parameters total bone callus volume (TV), volume of the mineralized bone callus (BV), the ratio BV/TV and the volumetric bone callus mineral density (BMD); c) 3D rendering of the bone callus. The statistical analysis of the measured parameters was performed by the Student t test with a level of significance p < 0.05. There was a statistically significant increase in the mean values of the parameters BV/TV and BMD in the comparison of experimental groups 1 and 2. The comparison between groups 2 and 3 was not statistically significant. Results are according to bone physiology data from literature although the image processing algorithm used needs some adjustments to get better results in bone callus segmentation in RO

COVID-19: analysis of the risks of operating during the pandemic. What are the real perioperative complications in asymptomatic patients and how to optimize early diagnosis?

Introduction: Controlling dissemination as well as treating patients infected with the new coronavirus are global challenges. Despite the protocols and guidelines generated by the WHO and the leading medical societies that seek to control the pandemic, there are still few reports in the literature that show complications in the perioperative period of patients, initially asymptomatic, infected by COVID-19. This study aims to offer data to plastic surgeons beyond the scope of aesthetic and reconstructive surgeries. Methods: A review article was performed after selecting sixteen articles from PubMed. These were analyzed for their type, statistical relevance, number of participants, complications, and reported outcomes. Results: The mortality rate of patients with COVID-19 undergoing surgical procedures was higher than that estimated in infected patients who did not undergo these procedures. There were also increases in the patient's admission rate to intensive care units and the pulmonary complications rate. The main predictors of mortality were defined, besides the role of chest tomography for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in the perioperative period. Conclusion: It is essential to understand the risk of operating patients during the pandemic, even if asymptomatic. The increased risk of complications and mortality in elective and emergency surgeries requires disseminating adequate information to both doctors and patients. The objective, therefore, is not to define the medical conduct of surgeons, but to allow analysis in the decision-making process

Post-COVID-19 syndrome and plastic surgery: case report of a patient with return of respiratory symptoms in the postoperative period of reduction mammaplasty

Introduction: As the concept of post-COVID-19 syndrome emerges, the negative result of an RT-PCR test is no longer enough to represent a patient’s complete clinical recovery. In this context, a question arises: what are the risks of performing surgery on a patient whom COVID-19 has already infected? Case Report: Female patient, 36 years, infected by COVID-19 in December 2020, showing mild symptoms. Once asymptomatic and with a negative RT-PCR test, she was submitted to a breast reduction surgery, in January 2021, through the inferior pedicle technique by Liacyr Ribeiro and Nipple-Areolar Complex (NAC) ascension by Letterman maneuver. On the first postoperative day, the patient developed respiratory symptoms, which continued throughout the postoperative period. Despite the unsatisfactory treatment of partial necrosis of the right NAC, the patient maintained respiratory and systemic symptoms suggestive of the return of COVID-19 in the late postoperative period. Discussion: Post-COVID-19 syndrome is defined as the persistence of symptoms of COVID-19, for at least 6 months, after the acute phase of infection. The syndrome’s pathophysiology is not completely elucidated; however, a relationship with the Mast Cell Activation Syndrome is proposed. In the report, we emphasize the chronological proximity between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the return of respiratory and systemic symptoms suggestive of post-COVID-19 syndrome and the need to know the possible symptoms and complications of this syndrome, especially in the context of postoperative. Conclusion: The need for a thorough preoperative analysis in patients with a clinical history of COVID-19 infection is evident since there is a greater risk of postoperative complications

The role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 inhibitor in carrageenan-induced lung inflammation in mice.

Increasing indication is unveiling a role for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 in the regulation of inflammatory/immune responses. The aim of the present study was to determine the potential anti-inflammatory effects of PARP-1 inhibitor 5-aminoisoquinolinone (5-AIQ) to explore the role of PARP-1 inhibitor in a mouse model of carrageenan-induced lung inflammation. A single dose of 5-AIQ (1.5mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 1h before λ-carrageenan (Cg) administration. We assessed the effects of 5-AIQ treatment on CD25(+), GITR(+), CD25(+)GITR(+), IL-17(+) and Foxp3(+) cells which were investigated using flowcytometry in pleural exudates and heparinized blood. We also evaluated mRNA expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, CD11a, l-selectin (CD62L), ICAM-1, MCP-1, iNOS and COX-2 in the lung tissue. We further examined the effects of 5-AIQ on the key mediators of inflammation, namely COX-2, STAT-3, NF-kB p65, PARP-1, IkB-α and IL-4 protein expression in the lung tissue using western blotting. The results illustrated that the numbers of T cell subsets, IL-17(+) cytokine levels were markedly increased and Foxp3(+) production decreased in the Cg group. Furthermore, Cg-induced up-regulation of adhesion molecules, pro-inflammatory mediators and chemokine expressions. Western blot analysis revealed an increased protein expressions of COX-2, STAT-3 NF-kB p65 and PARP-1 and decreased IkB-α and IL-4 in the Cg group. PARP-1 inhibitor via 5-AIQ treatment reverses the action significantly of all the previously mentioned effects. Moreover, histological examinations revealed anti-inflammatory effects of 5-AIQ, whereas Cg-group aggravated Cg-induced inflammation. Present findings demonstrate the potent anti-inflammatory action of the PARP-1 inhibitor in acute lung injury induced by carrageenan

ADP-ribose polymers localized on Ctcf–Parp1–Dnmt1 complex prevent methylation of Ctcf target sites

PARylation [poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation] is involved in the maintenance of genomic methylation patterns through its control of Dnmt1 [DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1] activity. Our previous findings indicated that Ctcf (CCCTC-binding factor) may be an important player in key events whereby PARylation controls the unmethylated status of some CpG-rich regions. Ctcf is able to activate Parp1 [poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1], which ADP-ribosylates itself and, in turn, inhibits DNA methylation via non-covalent interaction between its ADP-ribose polymers and Dnmt1. By such a mechanism, Ctcf may preserve the epigenetic pattern at promoters of important housekeeping genes. The results of the present study showed Dnmt1 as a new protein partner of Ctcf. Moreover, we show that Ctcf forms a complex with Dnmt1 and PARylated Parp1 at specific Ctcf target sequences and that PARylation is responsible for the maintenance of the unmethylated status of some Ctcf-bound CpGs. We suggest a mechanism by which Parp1, tethered and activated at specific DNA target sites by Ctcf, preserves their methylation-free status

Targeting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity for cancer therapy

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a ubiquitous protein modification found in mammalian cells that modulates many cellular responses, including DNA repair. The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family catalyze the formation and addition onto proteins of negatively charged ADP-ribose polymers synthesized from NAD+. The absence of PARP-1 and PARP-2, both of which are activated by DNA damage, results in hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation and alkylating agents. PARP inhibitors that compete with NAD+ at the enzyme’s activity site are effective chemo- and radiopotentiation agents and, in BRCA-deficient tumors, can be used as single-agent therapies acting through the principle of synthetic lethality. Through extensive drug-development programs, third-generation inhibitors have now entered clinical trials and are showing great promise. However, both PARP-1 and PARP-2 are not only involved in DNA repair but also in transcription regulation, chromatin modification, and cellular homeostasis. The impact on these processes of PARP inhibition on long-term therapeutic responses needs to be investigated