Simulation of tombolo evolution by using CST3D-WA

Wave-average area morphologic change numerical modelling system, CST3D, is adopted to reproduce tombolo and salient evolution behind a detached breakwater at a laboratory. The numerical wave-average morphologic model equips the beachface slope controlling method. Beachface slope varies between two extreme values for erosion and siltation modes. The beachface slope is checked every time step, and the morphology at the beachface and flat surf terrace is modified, if necessary. The model system reproduced tombolo and salient evolution for 2 cases of Ming and Chiew’s experiments. Model results implies the length of the detached emerged structure plays an important role on formation of tombolos

Numerical modelling of scour around circular cylinder caused by jet flow and bed shear stress

A new scour numerical model composed of two modules is proposed here. The two modules are detailed Reynolds-average Navier-Stokes flow module and sediment transport and resultant scour module. The flow module uses horizontally regular grid at the bed but partial grid concept in the vertical direction. The sediment module operates entrainment, and deposition of suspended sediment. The entrainment of sediment is computed by a new empirical equation; the major independent variables of which are the jet flow velocity and the bed shear stress. The model is applied to a laboratory scour experiment around a circular cylinder at Kookmin University, and shows satisfactory agreement with measurements

Evaluation of the On-Campus Dining Service Using Importance-Performance Analysis

University foodservice is one of the largest sectors of the foodservice industry, and the college-student market is getting larger. Therefore, it is important that university foodservice needs to be monitored periodically and improved comprehensively in order to retain students as satisfied customers for on-campus foodservice. The objectives of the current study were to explore the importance and performance/satisfaction of on-campus dining service consumers, to investigate the importance-performance difference between patron and non-patron customers, and to examine the difference between gender groups. The study compared the respondents’ perceived importance and performance ratings of the dining service quality attributes using IPA. The IPA grid illustrated that food quality and sanitation fell into the Quadrant II (Keep up the Work); price into the Quadrant III (Low Priority); and service and environment into the Quadrant IV (Possible Overkill). However, according to IPA of comparison of patron versus non-patron groups and gender groups, the service attribute was allocated differently

Comparison of microbial communities in swine manure at various temperatures and storage times

Objective This study was designed to investigate the effects of temperature and storage time on the evolution of bacterial communities in swine manure. Methods Manure was stored at −20°C, 4°C, 20°C, or 37°C and sampled at 7-day intervals over 28 days of storage, for a total of 5 time points. To assess the bacterial species present, 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences were analyzed using pyrosequencing. Results After normalization, 113,934 sequence reads were obtained, with an average length of 466.6±4.4 bp. The diversity indices of the communities reduced as temperature and storage time increased, and the slopes of rarefaction curves decreased from the second week in samples stored at −20°C and 4°C. These results indicate that the richness of the bacterial community in the manure reduced as temperature and storage time increased. Firmicutes were the dominant phylum in all samples examined, ranging from 89.3% to 98.8% of total reads, followed by Actinobacteria, which accounted for 0.6% to 7.9%. A change in community composition was observed in samples stored at 37°C during the first 7 days, indicating that temperature plays an important role in determining the microbiota of swine manure. Clostridium, Turicibacter, Streptococcus, and Lactobacillus within Firmicutes, and Corynebacterium within Actinobacteria were the most dominant genera in fresh manure and all stored samples. Conclusion Based on our findings, we propose Clostridium as an indicator genus of swine manure decomposition in an anaerobic environment. The proportions of dominant genera changed in samples stored at 20°C and 37°C during the fourth week. Based on these results, it was concluded that the microbial communities of swine manure change rapidly as storage time and temperature increase

Creating Short-term Classes on Unification in South Korean Universities

Young adults will be the next generation of leaders, and it is critical for them to be cognizant of major issues that impact society. Unification is a significant issue in South Korea, especially in light of the recent summits between South and North Korea. This study is rooted in principles of peace education to promote peaceful discourse related to unification issues. Unification education plays an important role in K-12 education in South Korea; however, it is not prioritized at the university level. This case study, which included open-ended surveys, interviews, and focus groups, explored South Korean university students’ (n=33) views of creating short -term classes on unification and the types of topics that they think should be taught in these classes. Primary results indicate that most participants expressed interest in taking short-term classes on unification issues. The paper also includes practical implications that can be considered when developing short-term classes on unification in South Korean universities

A Novel Pinkish-White Flower Color Variant Is Caused by a New Allele of Flower Color Gene W1 in Wild Soybean (Glycine soja)

The enzyme flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H) plays an important role in producing anthocyanin pigments in soybean. Loss of function of the W1 locus encoding F3'5'H always produces white flowers. However, few color variations have been reported in wild soybean. In the present study, we isolated a new color variant of wild soybean accession (IT261811) with pinkish-white flowers. We found that the flower's pinkish-white color is caused by w1-s3, a single recessive allele of W1. The SNP detected in the mutant caused amino acid substitution (A(304)S) in a highly conserved SRS4 domain of F3'5'H proteins. On the basis of the results of the protein variation effect analyzer (PROVEAN) tool, we suggest that this mutation may lead to hypofunctional F3'5'H activity rather than non-functional activity, which thereby results in its pinkish-white color