Comparing troponin I level between women with preeclampsia and gestational hypertension and pregnant women with normal blood pressure

Background and purpose: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are still one of the major issues in obstetrics. So far, few studies are conducted on the troponin I level of pregnant women and preeclampsia but their results are not conclusive. In this study the troponin levels were compared between patients with severe preeclampsia, mild preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and normal blood pressure. Materials and methods: A case control study was conducted in four groups of pregnant women (n=35 per group) with severe preeclampsia, mild preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and normal blood pressure attending Kosar Center, Qazvin, Iran 2014-2015. The troponin I level in the groups were studied. Data was analyzed in SPSS V.19 applying ANOVA, Chi-square, and T-test. Results: The mean age of patients was 29.1±6.6. The level of troponin was lower than 0.01 ng/ml in patients with severe preeclampsia, mild preeclampsia, gestational hypertension and normal blood pressure. But in one case with severe preeclampsia this level was 0.15. The findings indicated no significant difference between the groups (P=0.4) Conclusion: The level of troponin was not different in patients with severe preeclampsia, mild preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and normal blood pressure. Keywords: troponin I, severe preeclampsia, mild preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, normal blood pressur

Differences in response to conventional vitamin D therapy among obese and normal weight children and adolescents in Qazvin, Iran

Vitamin D (Vit D) deficiency is one of the major nutritional deficiencies in children. Obesity has inverse association with vitamin D levels. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in response to conventional treatment for Vit D deficiency and insufficiency in obese and normal weight children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: This nested case control study was conducted in 69 obese children and 133 normal weight matched control suffering from Vit D insufficiency or deficiency. Vit D deficiency was defined as serum 25(OH) D3 <10 ng/mL and Vit D insufficiency was defined as 11< 25(OH) D3 <30 ng/mL. Conventional treatment with 300,000-600,000 IU of vitamin D3 was administered intramuscularly over one day for both groups. The participants were followed up after three month. 25 (OH) D3 was measured at baseline and after the follow up period. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: At baseline, mean Vit D level was 13.5 ng/mL in obese and 14.5 ng/mL in normal weight children (P>0.05). After follow up, mean Vit D level became 29.6 ng/mL in obese and 33 ng/mL in normal weight children (P<0.05). 39.8% of normal weight group still had Vit D insufficiency, while 50.7% of obese group had Vit D insufficiency or deficiency and the difference was borderline significant (P= 0.064). Conclusion Therapeutic response in obese children was less than normal weight children. It seems that treatment with higher doses of Vit D or longer period is necessary in obese children of the present study. Key Words: Adolescents, Children, Obesity, Vitamin D deficienc

Differences in Response to Conventional Vitamin D Therapy among Obese and Normal Weight Children and Adolescents in Qazvin, Iran

Abstract Background Vitamin D (Vit D) deficiency is one of the major nutritional deficiencies in children. Obesity has inverse association with vitamin D levels. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in response to conventional treatment for Vit D deficiency and insufficiency in obese and normal weight children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: This nested case control study was conducted in 69 obese children and 133 normal weight matched control suffering from Vit D insufficiency or deficiency. Vit D deficiency was defined as serum 25(OH) D3 0.05). After follow up, mean Vit D level became 29.6 ng/mL in obese and 33 ng/mL in normal weight children (P<0.05). 39.8% of normal weight group still had Vit D insufficiency, while 50.7% of obese group had Vit D insufficiency or deficiency and the difference was borderline significant (P= 0.064). Conclusion Therapeutic response in obese children was less than normal weight children. It seems that treatment with higher doses of Vit D or longer period is necessary in obese children of the present study. Key Words: Adolescents, Children, Obesity, Vitamin D deficiency. *Please cite this article as: Saffari F, Shahroodi P, Oveisi S, Esmailzadehha N, Hajmanoochehri F, Jalilolghadr Sh, et al. Differences in Response to Conventional Vitamin D Therapy among Obese and Normal Weight Children and Adolescents in Qazvin, Iran. Int J Pediatr 2017; 5(9): 5725-32. DOI: 10.22038/ijp.2017.22473.188

Epidemiological Study of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers Qazvin Province, Iran

Background: Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) are the most common cancers worldwide. These cancers are not accompanied by high mortality however they lead to various complications. Evaluation of NMSC predisposing factors could result in preventive measures, improvement of quality of life and reduction of medical costs. Objectives: This study aimed to determine predisposing factors of non-melanoma skin cancers in the province of Qazvin (Iran). Materials and Methods: A total of 484 proven cases of NMSC were evaluated for demographic characteristics, clinical findings, pathological type, location of lesion, and the existence of known or possible predisposing factors such as skin type, exposure to sunlight, and family and drug history within a ten-year period from 2001 to 2011. Data were recorded in a questionnaire through interview and clinical examination of patients by a physician and a dermatologist, respectively. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 16 software and statistical tests including t-test and chi-square tests. Results: Of the 484 patients, 294 (60.7%) were male and 190 (39.3%) were female. Most cases of carcinoma were found in basal cells (77.7%) and the rest of squamous cells. The most common sites of involvement were the head and scalp. The most frequent predisposing factors were working in the open air (70.7%), history of previous radiation for treatment of tenia capitis (26.1%), and chronic skin diseases such as burn eschar, chronic lesion, fistula and actinic keratosis (35.7%). The most prevalent Fitzpatrick skin phenotypes were II or III (75.4%). There were significant correlations between the incidence of NMSC and hookah smoking and oral contraceptive pill (OCP) consumption. Conclusions: Skin phenotypes II and III were the most common types found in the present study and this could be due to the higher frequency of these phenotypes among the study population. The lower incidence of NMSC in areas other than the neck and scalp could be associated with the importance of covering style used by the population under study. Known risk factors for the incidence of NMSC were also observed in the present study. A history of radiotherapy for treatment of tenia capitis was observed in a considerable percentage of patients, which could lead to the incidence of cancer several decades later. Further studies are needed to determine the role of hookah smoking and the use of OCP in the occurrence of NMSC. Keywords:Skin Cancers; Predisposing Factors; Radiatio

Clinicopathological Findings of the Cardia and Gastroesophageal Junction in Adult Candidates for Endoscopy in Qazvin, Iran

Background: Chronic inflammation and intestinal metaplasia lead to gastric and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Past research has provided controversial findings about the etiology of inflammation and intestinal metaplasia in the cardia and the Z-line. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinicopathological findings of the cardia and gastroesophageal junction in adult candidates for endoscopy in Qazvin, Iran. Methods: Biopsy was performed for 124 ambulatory adult patients without any evidence of cancer. Specimens were obtained from the antrum and the cardia of the stomach, the Z-line, and 2 cm above the Z-line. A comparison was made between the histological, clinical and endoscopic data obtained from the patients. Results: Helicobacter pylori were significantly related to active inflammation in the antrum and the cardia, but not in the Z-line. Another finding was that active carditis was related to active antritis and active Z-line inflammation. A further observation was the positive correlation between cardiac and Z-line metaplasia. Finally, a relationship was observed between the type of cardiac mucosa and the presence of metaplasia in the cardia and the Z-line. Conclusions: The study revealed thatinflammationin the cardia and, to a lesser extent, the Z-line is related to H. pyloriandantral gastritis and that the metaplasia of these areas is related to gastroesophageal reflux disease. Lastly, both H. pylori and gastroesophageal reflux disease are important in the pathology of these areas. Keywords: Cardia, Z-Line, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Histopathology, Helicobacter pylor

Clinicopathological Features of Colon Adenocarcinoma in Qazvin, Iran: A 16 Year Study

Abstract Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) was the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Iran between 2000 and 2009, with adenocarcinoma (AC) as the most common histological type. Demographic, topographic and histological variables are important in the epidemiology and biology of cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate clinicopathological features of colon adenocarcinomas in Qazvin, Iran. Materials and Methods: With a retrospective design, patient records of two pathology wards from March 1997 to March 2013 were studied with regard to anatomical location and histological classification. A broader anatomical grouping was also used including distal vs proximal regions and right sided vs left sided tumors. Data were analyzed using T-test and chi-square test. Results: 118 (50.9%) male and 114 (49.1%) female patients were included in the study. Mean age was 57.3±14.7 years, with 29.2% under 50 years. There was no significant gender difference for age at diagnosis. The rectum (56%) and sigmoid colon (25%) were the most frequent anatomical locations. Proximal cases accounted for 18.6% in males and 8.8% in females (p=0.02). AC was more prevalent than other usual types in younger patients. The proportion of proximal cancer was 1.7% in first eight years of the study period vs 12.1% in the second one (p=0.005). A similar trend was also seen in right sided colon cancers (p=0.018). Conclusions: Young people are also at risk for the cancer with poor prognosis. Screening programs and weight loss in obese individuals can reduce incidence and complications of CRC. Keywords: Colorectal cancer - adenocarcinoma - colonscopy - anatomical locatio

Clinical and histological features of benign esophageal tumors in endoscopic biopsy specimens in Booali Sina Hospital, Qazvin (2004-13)

The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the clinical and histological features of benign esophageal tumors in endoscopic biopsy specimens in Booali Sina Hospital, Qazvin from 2004 to 2013. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and ANOVA. Eighteen tumor lesions were found in 11 men and seven women with mean age of 63±15.3 years old. Of 18 cases, seven were glycogenic acanthosis, five were squamous papilloma, two were each type of leiomyoma, two were adenomatous polyp, and two were hyperplastic polyp. The frequency of tumor lesions was 0.06% among endoscopic examinations, 3.6% among esophageal biopsies and 5.7% among benign esophageal lesions. The distal third (61.1%) and the middle third (27.8%) of the esophagus were the most frequent sites of involvement. The association of endoscopic appearance, site of involvement, sex, and age with histological types was not significant

Epidemiological and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Lung Cancer in a Teaching Hospital in Iran

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and the most frequent cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In Iran, it ranks second and third as the cancer-causing death in men and women, respectively. We carried out this study to find out the demographic, clinical, and histological characteristics and risk factors of lung cancer in a referral tertiary center in Iran. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on cases of primary lung cancer based on the results of registered cancer reports of cytological and pathological specimens between March 2001 and March 2012. Demographic variables, clinical manifestations, histology and location of tumors were determined based on the data found in the medical records of each patient. Definite or probable etiologic factors were identified. Data analysis was performed with SPSS version 16 and a p-value ≤0.05 was considered as significant. Results: A total of 203 patients, with a mean age of 65.7 years (SD=11.2), with primary lung cancer were identified, 81.3% being men. Of the total, 110 cases (54.2%) were living in urban areas. In 53.2% of cases, the site of tumor was on the right side and in 72.9% of cases the lesion was centrally located. The histological types of lung cancer were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 107 cases (52.7%), adenocarcinoma (AC) in 30 cases (14.8%), and small cell carcinoma (SC) in 27 cases (13.3%). Significant correlations between the gender and residence, smoking, and the histological type and location (central or peripheral) of tumor were found. The percentage of smokers was 75.2% in men and 15.8% in women. Conclusions: Smoking was the most important risk factor and squamous cell carcinoma the most common histological type of lung cancer in our study. Male sex and being a smoker was associated with histological types of SCC while being nonsmoker had relationship with adenocarcinoma. Keywords: Lung cancer - epidemiology - histological type - risk facto