S4 Flavor Model of Quarks and Leptons

We present an $S_4$ flavor model to unify quarks and leptons in the framework of the SU(5) GUT. Three generations of $\bar 5$-plets in SU(5) are assigned $3_1$ of $S_4$ while the first and the second generations of 10-plets in SU(5) are assigned to be 2 of $S_4$, and the third generation of 10-plet is to be $1_1$ of $S_4$. Right-handed neutrinos are also assigned 2 for the first and second generations and $1_1$ for the third generation, respectively. Taking vacuum alignments of relevant gauge singlet scalars, we predict the quark mixing as well as the tri-bimaximal mixing of neutrino flavors. Especially, the Cabbibo angle is predicted to be $15^{\circ}$ in the limit of the vacuum alignment. We can improve the model to predict observed CKM mixing angles.Comment: 11 pages, talked at the 16th Yukawa International Seminar, Particle Physics beyond the Standard Mode

Like-sign dimuon asymmetry of B0 meson and LFV in SU(5) SUSY GUT with S4 flavor symmetry

The like-sign dimuon charge asymmetry of the $B$ meson, which was reported in the D\O Collaboration, is studied in the SU(5) SUSY GUT model with $S_4$ flavor symmetry. Additional CP violating effects from the squark sector are discussed in $B_s-\bar B_s$ mixing process. The predicted like-sign charge asymmetry is in the 2$\sigma$ range of the combined result of D\O and CDF measurements. Since the SUSY contributions in the quark sector affect to the lepton sector because of the SU(5) GUT relation, two predictions are given in the leptonic processes: (i) both ${\rm BR}(\mu \to e \gamma)$ and the electron EDM are close to the present upper bound, (ii) the decay ratios of $\tau$ decays, $\tau \to \mu\gamma$ and $\tau \to e \gamma$, are related to each other via the Cabibbo angle $\lambda_c$: {\rm BR}(\tau \to e\gamma)/{\rm BR}(\tau \to \mu\gamma)\sime \lambda_c^2. These are testable at future experiments.Comment: 33 pages, 4 figures, a footnote and references are adde

Tri-bimaximal Mixing and Cabibbo Angle in S4 Flavor Model with SUSY

We present a flavor model of quarks and leptons with the non-Abelian discrete symmetry $S_4$ in the framework of the SU(5) SUSY GUT. Three generations of $\bar 5$-plets in SU(5) are assigned to ${\bf 3}$ of $S_4$ while the first and second generations of 10-plets in SU(5) are assigned to ${\bf 2}$ of $S_4$, and the third generation of 10-plet is assigned to ${\bf 1}$ of $S_4$. Right-handed neutrinos are also assigned to ${\bf 2}$ for the first and second generations and ${\bf 1}'$ for the third generation. We predict the Cabibbo angle as well as the tri-bimaximal mixing of neutrino flavors. We also predict the non-vanishing $U_{e3}$ of the neutrino flavor mixing due to higher dimensional mass operators. Our predicted CKM mixing angles and the CP violation are consistent with experimental values. We also study SUSY breaking terms in the slepton sector. Our model leads to smaller values of flavor changing neutral currents than the present experimental bounds.Comment: 32 pages, 4 figures, some references are added, with minor modificatio

Non-Abelian Discrete Symmetries in Particle Physics

We review pedagogically non-Abelian discrete groups, which play an important role in the particle physics. We show group-theoretical aspects for many concrete groups, such as representations, their tensor products. We explain how to derive, conjugacy classes, characters, representations, and tensor products for these groups (with a finite number). We discussed them explicitly for $S_N$, $A_N$, $T'$, $D_N$, $Q_N$, $\Sigma(2N^2)$, $\Delta(3N^2)$, $T_7$, $\Sigma(3N^3)$ and $\Delta(6N^2)$, which have been applied for model building in the particle physics. We also present typical flavor models by using $A_4$, $S_4$, and $\Delta (54)$ groups. Breaking patterns of discrete groups and decompositions of multiplets are important for applications of the non-Abelian discrete symmetry. We discuss these breaking patterns of the non-Abelian discrete group, which are a powerful tool for model buildings. We also review briefly about anomalies of non-Abelian discrete symmetries by using the path integral approach.Comment: 179 pages, 8 figures, section 15 is changed, some references are adde

Comparison of the effects of sustained contractions in different positions of the upper extremity and different degrees of resistance by pinch on the active range of motion

無作為に選択した健常者10名を対象に,上肢静止性収縮時における肩・肘関節の肢位と負荷の相違が,手関節屈曲の自動関節可動域と手関節屈曲の主動筋と拮抗筋の表面筋電図に及ぼす影響を検討した.肩・肘関節の肢位は固有受容性神経筋促通(PNF)肢位(肩135°屈曲,45°内転,中等度外旋位,肘軽度屈曲,前腕90°回外)の上肢PNF肢位と非PNF 肢位(肩90°屈曲,内外旋中間位,肘伸展,前腕90°回内)の2種を選択し,負荷はピンチ力の最大随意収縮の30～40%(軽負荷)および70～80%(重負荷)の2種とした.重負荷・PNF 肢位の組み合わせによる静止性収縮後の手関節屈曲の自動関節可動域改善率が重負荷・非PNF 肢位の自動関節可動域改善率より有意に大きかった(p < 0.05).軽負荷と比較し重負荷で主動筋の積分筋電図値が有意に大きな値を示したが,PNF 肢位では認められなかった.積分筋電図値の指標と自動関節可動域改善との関連性は認められなかった.This study aimed to compare the effects of sustained contractions in different positions of the upper extremity and different degrees of load on both the active range of motion (AROM) of wrist flexion and the surface electromyographic (EMG) activity of wrist agonist and antagonist for ten healthy subjects randomly selected. The positions of the upper extremity were the non-PNF position (shoulder flexion (90°) and elbow extension with forearm pronation) and the PNF position (shoulder flexion-adductionexternal rotation and elbow extension with supination). The target loads by fingertip force spanned a range from 30% to 40% of maximal voluntary contraction (light load) to 70% to 80% (heavy load). The improvement percentage of AROM after each sustained contraction was calculated in comparison with AROM before the contractions, and each integrated EMG (IEMG) ratio was normalized to the IEMG of each maximal voluntary contraction. The results of this study showed that the improvement of AROM by a sustained contraction combined with the PNF position and a heavy load was significantly larger (P < 0.05) compared with the non-PNF position combined with a light load. The IEMG ratio of the agonist during heavy load was greater than for the light load, which may be explained by the observation that the facilitation of the agonist in the heavy load, but there was no facilitation of the agonist in the PNF position of the upper extremity. Because of the non-significant correlation coefficient between improvement of AROM and IEMG, there was no relation between AROM and facilitation of the agonist activity

Determination method of desk and table heights for disabled elderly

人間工学領域において,適切な机・テーブルの高さを決定する方法が成人を対象として見出されている.この既存方法が高齢障害者に拡大して適用できるのか,主観的及び客観的側面から検討した.無作為抽出した20名の高齢障害者を対象として,既存方法で合わせた机の高さと主観的判断によって決定した高さ,仕事効率に適した高さを比較した.その結果,差尺を座高の3分の1の値とする既存方法が高齢障害者にも適用できることが明らかとなった.また,この方法で決定する高さ付近に35mm～70mmの許容範囲が存在する可能性が示唆された.Objective : The purpose was to ascertain if a determination method of table heights founded on ergonomics could be applied to the disabled elderly, and to present the allowable range of table heights for them. Method : The subjects were twenty randomly selected disabled elderly. We measured favorite table heights for each of them. We divided work efficiency into speed and push strength, and then measured the appropriate height of tables for each of them. Results : Differences between table heights decided by the usual method and heights as decided by our 3 standards (favorite, speed, push strength) were not observed in any case. Moreover, no differences were seen among these 3 standards for determining table heights. For mean ±1SD, the perfectly overlapping range was 35 mm, and the maximum range was 70 mm. Conclusion : Table heights decided by the usual method and heights from 3 standards. We established that the method of determining seat-table distance by one third of the sitting height could be applied for disabled elderly. There is thus a possibility that the optimum allowable distance to the level of the table by the presently used method is 35 mm, and the maximum allowable range is 70 mm