A Quantile Based Test of Protection for Sale Model

This paper proposes a new test of the Protection for Sale (PFS) model by Grossman and Helpman (1994). Unlike existing methods in the literature, our approach does not require any data on political organizations. We formally show that the PFS model provides the following prediction: In the quantile regression of the protection measure on the inverse import penetration ratio divided by the import demand elasticity, its coefficient should be positive at the quantile close to one. We examine this prediction using the data from Gawande and Bandyopadhyay (2000). The results do not provide any evidence favoring the PFS model.Quantile Regression, Protection for Sale, Political Economy

A Quantile-based Test of Protection for Sale Model

This paper proposes a new test of the Protection for Sale (PFS) model by Grossman and Helpman (1994). Unlike existing methods in the literature, our approach does not require any data on political organization. We use quantile and quantile IV regressions to do so using the data from Gawande and Bandyopadhyay (2000). Surprisingly, the results do not provide any evidence favoring the PFS model. We also explain why previous work may have inadvertently found support for it.protection for sale, lobbying, political economy, quantile regression

Is Protection Really for Sale? A Survey and Directions for Future Research

This paper critically and selectively surveys the literature on protection for sale and discusses directions for future research in this area. It suggests that the standard approach needs to be augmented to provide more compelling tests of this model.Common agency, Political economy, Protection for sale, Quotas, Non tariff barriers

A Quantile-based Test of Protection for Sale Model

This paper proposes a new test of the Protection for Sale (PFS) model by Grossman and Helpman (1994). Unlike existing methods in the literature, our approach does not require any data on political organization. We use quantile and quantile IV regressions to do so using the data from Gawande and Bandyopadhyay (2000). Surprisingly, the results do not provide any evidence favoring the PFS model. We also explain why previous work may have inadvertently found support for it.Protection for Sale, Lobbying, Political Economy, Quantile Regression

Protection for Sale or Surge Protection?

This paper asks whether the results obtained from using the standard approach to testing the influential Grossman and Helpman "protection for sale" (PFS) model of political economy might arise from a simpler setting. A model of imports and quotas with protection occuring in response to import surges, but only for organized industries, is simulated and shown to provide parameter estimates consistent with the protection for sale framework. This suggests that the standard approach may be less of a test than previously thought.Common agency, Political economy, Protection for sale, Quotas, Non tariff barriers

Protection for Sale or Surge Protection?

This paper asks whether the results obtained from using the standard approach to testing the influential Grossman and Helpman %u201Cprotection for sale (PFS)%u201D model of political economy might arise from a simpler setting. A model of imports and quotas with protection occurring in response to import surges, but only for organized industries, is simulated and shown to provide parameter estimates consistent with the protection for sale framework. This suggests that the standard approach may be less of a test than previously thought.

Design of Dynamic Deadbeat Controllers Using an Observer or a Dual Observer in Discrete Time Linear Multivariable Systems

This paper considers the problem of designing the minimum time dynamic deadbeat controllers, using an observer or a dual observer. As a preliminary, optimal controller and observer are defined and obtained. Then, the existence of a dynamic deadbeat controller is examined, and a separation theorem is proved. This theorem states that the minimum time dynamic deadbeat controller is given by the optimal controller combined with the optimal observer. These results are dualized to yield the corresponding result in the case of using the dual observer, i.e., the result on the minimum time dual deadbeat controller. Finally, a method is presented for finding reduced order controllers by applying the results on linear function observers