Laboratory Demonstration of Closed-Loop 30 kW, 200 V/900 V IGBT-Based LCL DC/DC Converter

This work was supported by EPSRC UK grant no. EP/K006428/1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors would like to acknowledge significant input from Aberdeen University HVDC lab technicians: A. Styles and R. Osborne, in building this converter.Peer reviewedPostprin

Environmental Benefits of Using Wind Generation to Power Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

As alternatives to conventional vehicles, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) running off electricity stored in batteries could decrease oil consumption and reduce carbon emissions. By using electricity derived from clean energy sources, even greater environmental benefits are obtainable. This study examines the potential benefits arising from the widespread adoption of PHEVs in light of Alberta’s growing interest in wind power. It also investigates PHEVs’ capacity to mitigate natural fluctuations in wind power generation

Legal Investigation of the Share of Caspian Sea Littoral Countries in Oil and Gas Resources (presenting of the equal arc sharing model for the Caspian Sea)

Strategically, the Caspian region has become one of the most important parts of the world in recent years due to the existence of energy reserves and its transfer to consumer markets consequently it draws the attention of regional powers and global superpowers. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the increase in the number of coastal countries, different views and opinions have been expressed about the ruling legal regime of the Caspian Sea. This article employs the equal arc sharing model and combines different methods of division, divides the map and area of the Caspian Sea fairly, and tries to pay attention to the principle of justice and fairness simultaneously. The main question of this article is determining the portion of each of the Caspian littoral countries in the harvest of proved reserves in energy resources. The results show that the share of each country in the common area will be 20%. In total, Kazakhstan (28%), Iran (23%), Russia (22%), Turkmenistan (14%), and Azerbaijan (13%) allocate occupancy of the Caspian Sea area.

The Legal Requirements for Iran to Join EU Gas Market

One of the most important issues in the field of exporting gas to the European union through the pipelines is understanding the market and the laws and regulations in the EU as well as the requirements of other countries in the face of these regulations. Analyzing the EU laws and then the laws and regulations in Iran regarding the gas export and legal requirements for entering to the EU gas market are the main aims of this article.The results show that the EU Third Gas Directive 2009 forms the basis of the legal and contractual issues of the EU gas market which provide various legal guidelines, including ownership separation, third party access to the gas storage facilities, and Regulatory Bodies. Iran gas export laws are listed in the upper hand documents including General Policies of Iran in Energy sector, Iran Vision (2025), General Policies of the resistance economy and sixth five-year plan for Economics, Social and Cultural Development. Laws on Third Gas Directive regarding third Party Access to the Network, Tariff Regulation, Ownership and Transparency Completely applies on existing and future gas pipelines to EU Borders including Territorial Waters and Exclusive Economic zone between EU and third Countries including Iran

Epigenetic modification with trichostatin A does not correct specific errors of somatic cell nuclear transfer at the transcriptomic level; highlighting the non-random nature of oocyte-mediated reprogramming errors

Pre- and post- implantation development. Effect of TSA treatment on in vitro and in vivo development of cloned embryos compared to fertilized counterparts. (DOCX 18 kb

Uncertainty in power systems analysis

Bibliography: p. 117-130This thesis focuses on uncertainty analysis in two areas in power system operations, which may encounter uncertainty in the model. First, the Probabilistic Power Flow (PPF) prob­lem is introduced where uncertainty is involved in demand or available generation. By employing Latin Supercube Sampling (LSS) the distribution of output variables in the PPF is estimated. A bin-by-bin histogram comparison is used to efficiently compare the perfor­mance of the LSS with other techniques. Second, a Chance Constrained Optimization (CCO) is presented to handle uncertainty in control of transmission voltages. A control scheme is proposed using steady-state system model to achieve the goal of on-line voltage control and prevent long-term voltage instabil­ity. In order to model steady-state system response, the long-term model of governors and automatic voltage regulators are employed in the control scheme

Regional Cooperation: A New Legal Approach for Managing Common Resources of Oil and Gas in Persian Gulf

At present, common resources of oil and gas in different regions of the world do not have a similar legal pattern. Regarding political, economic and geopolitical situations and also historical facts in different regions, there are different legal regimes on common sources. Mainly, three legal mechanisms are identified in this regard. The first legal pattern known as "no scaling" is applicable for common sources which are within the national sovereignty of a country and owned by some private companies; of which, a distinguished sample is common sources of USA. This pattern has two major principles; one of them is Surveillance Management and another one is Cooperation in exploiting sources. The latter legal patterns called as "Unitization" is specified for resources within the national sovereignty of two or more independent allies. A distinguished sample of this pattern is the common resources of North Atlantic Sea which owned by England and Norway. In this legal pattern, after discovery of the sources, the two parties apply the Unitization Principle and determine technical and legal prerequisites; thereby, all development and exploitation actions are performed uniquely by one or more specialized companies. The third mechanism in fact is not a legal pattern. Actually, not cooperating in development and exploitation of common sources is the main characteristic of the third mechanism. A distinguished sample of this pattern is management of common resources in Persian Gulf. In this mechanism, both Surveillance management and cooperation principles are neglected. Each of interested parties pursue their own goal of maximizing exploitation and their own profit without considering other parties' benefits and win-win approach. Although the most expanded volume of common sources of oil and gas is located in Persian Gulf, there is no proper legal pattern for exploitation and management of these resources. Moreover, efforts like passing bilateral agreements were not adequate for enacting a proper legal pattern in this geopolitically-strategic region of the world. Applying successful experiments in the world, especially in the field of cooperation and Surveillance Production, with investigating Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threatens, the present research aims to present a new approach for determining legal pattern for common sources in Persian Gulf. With recognizing the role of applicable bilateral agreements, the main characteristic of this approach is multilateral agreement constituting regional cooperation. Based on the approach presented by this paper, such multilateral cooperation would be managed by a legal body in which all countries owning common resources in Persian Gulf and also OPEC and GECF will collaborate. The community constituted according to the new approach will constitute principles governing production and exploitation of common resources in Persian Gulf. This regional cooperation will handle environmental challenges and also transportation of products from this region in a win-win approach; besides developing Surveillance production and conservation of resources

A Chance-Constrained Optimization Approach for Control of Transmission Voltages

In this paper, a chance-constrained optimization (CCO) is presented to handle uncertainty in control of transmission voltages. A control scheme is proposed using a steady-state system model to achieve the goal of online voltage control and preventing long-term voltage instability. In order to model steady-state system response, the long-term model of governors and Automatic Voltage Regulators are employed in the control scheme. The Nordic32 test system is selected to show the simulation results of the proposed technique

Receding-horizon multi-step optimization to correct nonviable or unstable transmission voltages

In this paper, a receding-horizon multi-step optimization is proposed to correct non viable transmission voltages and prevent long-term voltage instability. The proposed control scheme is based on real-time control, inspired by model predictive control, and steady state power-flow-based equations. In order to anticipate load behavior and avoid using dynamic equations in the control scheme, explicit formulations are used to model evolution of load with time. The simulation results of the proposed technique are presented on the Nordic32 test system