Clinical Education Problems: the Viewpoints of Midwifery Students in Babol Medical University

Introduction: Clinical education is a complicated process which is affected by many factors and variables. Since, recognizing the problems is the first step towards reducing them, a study was designed to determine the viewpoints of midwifery students about clinical education problems in Babol Medical University. Methods: In a cross sectional descriptive study, 55 last year midwifery students were selected by census sampling method. The data collection tool was a valid and reliable questionnaire containing 32 items asking about clinical education problems. The scale of the questionnaire was as yes, sometimes, and no. The data was analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and Chi2. Results: Eighty one point eight percent believed that clinical education in midwifery had some problems among which 40% were indicated as high and 41.8% as moderate. Seventy two point seven percent considered clinical education poor in facilities and environmental factors and faced with a lot of problems. Eighty seven point three percent related clinical education problems to trainers’ problems, 83.6% indicated some problems in theoretical pre-clinical courses, 74.5% related the problems to hospital and health centers’ personnel, and 83.7% of subjects felt some problems in clinical evaluation. Conclusion: Lack of expert clinical trainers, and problems in pre-clinical courses and clinical evaluation were the most significant clinical education problems based on the view points of midwifery students in Babol Medical University

Comparison of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment strategies in promotion of infertility self-efficacy scale in infertile women: A randomized controlled trial

Background: The infertility is associated with psychological consequence including depression, and lack of self-efficacy. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacological and no pharmacological strategies in promotion of self-efficacy of infertile women. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 89 infertile women who were recruited from Fatemeh Zahra Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center and were randomized into three groups; cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), antidepressant therapy with flouxetine 20 mg daily for 3 month, and a control group. All participants completed Infertility Self-efficacy Inventory (ISE) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) at the beginning and end of the study. Results: The means ISE scores among the CBT, fluoxetine, and control groups at the beginning and end of the study were 6.1±1.6 vs. 7.2±0.9, 6.4±1.4 vs. 6.9±1.3 and 6.1±1.1 vs. 5.9±1.4 respectively. Both CBT and fluoxetine increased the mean of ISE scores more than control group after intervention (p<0.0001, p=0.033; respectively), but increase in the CBT group was significantly greater than flouxetine group. Finally, there was evidence of high infertility self-efficacy for women exposed to the intervention compared with those in the control group. Also, there was an improvement in depression. Both fluoxetine and CBT decreased significantly the mean of BDI scores more than the control group; decrease in the CBT group was significantly more than that in the fluoxetine group. Conclusion: CBT can serve as an effective psychosocial intervention for promoting self-efficacy of infertile wome