Comparison of Matricaria chamomilla oil, Trachyspermum copticum oil and Clonidin on Withdrawal syndrome in Narcotics Anonymous

Comparison of Matricariachamomilla oil, Trachyspermumcopticum oil and Clonidine on Withdrawal syndrome in Narcotics Anonymous Abstract: Introduction: Study aimed to compare the effects of chamomile oil , oil copticum and clonidine withdrawal syndrome NA groups was performed . Method and Materials: This study is a Double-blind one stage clinical trial with the comparison group. The sample consisted of 135 patients who were randomly NA groups in thecontrol and intervention groups (two groups) were placed. In intervention groups1, chamomile oil, in the intervention group2, oil copticum common and in control group treated with clonidine withdrawal is received. COW's symptoms questionnaire was recorded in6steps, and the results were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Baseline mean and standard deviation of withdrawal syndrome in the group of Matricariachamomilla oil, Trachyspermumcopticum oil and Clonidine respectively (241/7 ± 15/24), (845/8 ± 52/26) and (469/7 ± 03/23) and after the intervention (442/7 ± 11/12), (452/8 ± 42/11) and (775/7 ± 51/8), respectively. ANOVA test showed that the three groups before the intervention (p=0/32) and after (p= 0/70) no significant difference in the degree of addiction syndrome. Conclusion: Vegetable oil on the impact of the withdrawal syndrome More studies are needed. Keywords: Matricariachamomilla oil, Trachyspermumcopticum oil, Clonidin withdrawal syndrome, Narcotics Anonymou

A social work study on quality on quality of physical education programs in primary schools: A case study of governmental and non-for-profit schools in city of Esfahan, Iran

Physical education is one of the most important parts of schoolchildren studies and it could influence of social and academic performance of children, significantly. This paper studies physical education among schoolchildren who attend elementary schools in city of Esfahan, Iran over for the educational calendar of 2010-2011. The study selects 52 schools as sample, 18 non-for-profit and 34 governmental schools and half of them belong to female students. The results of this study indicate that physical education has a somewhat better quality in non-for-profit educational system compared with governmental ones although this difference is not statistically significance (P<0.05). In our survey, ten percent of time, physical education was performed poorly, twenty five percent was in average condition, forty eight percent was in good condition and seventeen percent was in excellent condition

Evaluate the frequency of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in dairy herds in the Chaharmahal va Bakhtyari province - IRAN

Background and Aim: Bovine respiratory syncytial viruses (BRSV) are important causes of acute respiratory disease in postweaning calves and feedlot cattle in the United States and Europe. This disease poses a serious problem due to financial losses caused by animal death, costs of treatment, and subsequent reduced profits. So the aim of this study was evaluate the frequency of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in dairy herds in the Chaharmahal va Bakhtyari province - IRAN Materials and Methods: In this research, 384 serum samples of cattle were collected from Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari provience - Iran and tested by nested RT-PCR. For detection of BRSV genome, at the first viral RNA was extracted by RNX Plus kit (Cinnagen Company) then cDNA was synthesize. Positive control used in this study was the positive control in BioinGentech (Vet PCRTM Detection Kit).  Results: A total of 384 serum samples in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari provience 300 samples were positive in nested RT-PCR. Prevalence rate were determined 78.12%. The highest contamination were reported in Shahrekord city, females and in Winter. Conclusions: BRSV infection has been reported in all parts of the world. Regardless of geographic location, the prevalence of BIV infection is high. This indicates that the virus is easily transmitted to cattle. These findings are important for effective control management to prevent the spread of the virus that is associated with various methods of agriculture. Therefore, more information to understand the mechanisms of virus survival in a geographic area is required

Estimate the prevalence of daily caffeine consumption, caffeine use disorder, caffeine withdrawal and perceived harm in Iran: a cross-sectional study

Abstract One of the informal diagnoses in DSM-5 is Caffeine Use Disorder (CUD). CUD and high levels of caffeine consumption could impact mental health conditions. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of CUD, caffeine consumption, caffeine-related harms, and related psychiatric symptoms in Iran. A cross-sectional survey with a convenience sample of 1228 adults were conducted in Iran. Caffeine consumption was assessed across 20 products in Iran. Caffeine Use Disorder Questionnaire (CUDQ), Caffeine Withdrawal Symptoms Questionnaire (CWSQ), 14-item Caffeine-related Harm Screening (CHS), and Symptom Checklist-25 (SCL-25) were used in the present study. We used SPSS (desktop version 26.0) to analyze the data using descriptive statistics, chi-square, and the least significant difference (LSD) post hoc test. The daily average caffeine consumption was 146.67 mg. The prevalence of CUD and caffeine withdrawal (C.W.) were estimated at 19.5% and 46.62%, respectively. Also, 12.9% of responders received CUD and C.W.s simultaneously. The prevalence of CUD was higher in men than females (25.08% vs. 13.93%). 95% of participants (n = 1166) reported using at least one caffeine product yesterday. Moreover, the most reported caffeine-related harms were the desire for sugar (42.9%), insomnia (39.3%), and caffeine dependence (38.3%). Age significantly correlates with CUD (− 0.07) and daily caffeine intake (0.08). Moreover, all SCL-90 subscales had a significant correlation with daily caffeine intake. Finally, responders at younger ages reported higher levels of CUD and caffeine consumption than older adults(P < 0.05). High rates of C.W. and CUD in the Iranian population suggest that it is necessary to develop evidence-based treatments