Effect of Tiamulin or Rescue-kit(R) on diet utilisation, growth and carcass yield of growing rabbits

[EN] A total of 192 CalifornianxNew Zealand rabbits weaned at 33 d old were used in this experiment. Animals were allocated at weaning to three homogenous treatment groups based on litter size and live weight. Rabbits in control treatment (C) were offered a standard feed (SF) containing Robenidin and Flavomycin. Rabbits in TI treatment were fed SF diet and supplemented between days 33 and 62 with Tiamulin. The third group of rabbits (RK treatment) were fed SF diet and supplemented with Rescue-Kit(R) (containing B. licheniformis and B. subtilis (1600x10(9) CFU), betain, vitamins and oligo-elements) in the drinking water from 41 to 50 d of age. Digestibility of the experimental diets was recorded from 47 to 50 d of age, growth performance from weaning to 77 d old and carcass performance at 77 d of age. In the second week after weaning, between days 41 and 50, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake for the regime including Tiamulin increased by 19 and 7.5% (P<=0.051) compared to those fed C and RK treatments. In this period, animals supplemented with Tiamulin obtained the best feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the highest DM digestibility (P=0.023). Rabbits from RK treatment showed the same DM digestibility than those from the C group, but an intermediate FCR between TI and C rabbits. The retrieval of Tiamulin from the diet after day 62 and until day 77 led to a decrease in ADG of the rabbits, which was lower than for animals receiving RK (P=0.007), while C animals had intermediate growth traits. It resulted that for the whole fattening period, treatments had no effect on ADG, feed intake and FCR (32.1 and 143 g/d and 4.13 g/g, respectively). Overall mortality rates and dressing out percentage were also similar among treatments (26.6 and 59.8%, respectively).Haj Ayed, M.; Ben Saïd, B. (2008). Effect of Tiamulin or Rescue-kit(R) on diet utilisation, growth and carcass yield of growing rabbits. World Rabbit Science. 16(3). doi:10.4995/wrs.2008.62716

CFD Based Improvement of the DLN Hydrogen Micromix Combustion Technology at Increased Energy Densities

Combined with the use of renewable energy sources for its production, Hydrogen represents a possible alternative gas turbine fuel within future low emission power generation. Due to the large difference in the physical properties of Hydrogen compared to other fuels such as natural gas, well established gas turbine combustion systems cannot be directly applied for Dry Low NOx (DLN) Hydrogen combustion. Thus, the development of DLN combustion technologies is an essential and challenging task for the future of Hydrogen fuelled gas turbines. The DLN Micromix combustion principle for hydrogen fuel has been developed to significantly reduce NOx-emissions. This combustion principle is based on cross-flow mixing of air and gaseous hydrogen which reacts in multiple miniaturized diffusion-type flames. The major advantages of this combustion principle are the inherent safety against flash-back and the low NOx-emissions due to a very short residence time of reactants in the flame region of the micro-flames. The Micromix Combustion technology has been already proven experimentally and numerically for pure Hydrogen fuel operation at different energy density levels. The aim of the present study is to analyze the influence of different geometry parameter variations on the flame structure and the NOx emission and to identify the most relevant design parameters, aiming to provide a physical understanding of the Micromix flame sensitivity to the burner design and identify further optimization potential of this innovative combustion technology while increasing its energy density and making it mature enough for real gas turbine application. The study reveals great optimization potential of the Micromix Combustion technology with respect to the DLN characteristics and gives insight into the impact of geometry modifications on flame structure and NOx emission. This allows to further increase the energy density of the Micromix burners and to integrate this technology in industrial gas turbines

The alluaudite-like arsenate NaCaMg3(AsO4)3

The title compound, sodium calcium trimagnesium tris­(arsenate), an alluaudite-like arsenate, was prepared by solid-state reaction at high temperature. The structure is built up from edge-sharing MgO6 octa­hedra in chains associated with the AsO4 arsenate groups. The three-dimensional network leads to two different tunnels occupied statistically by Na+ and Ca2+. One As and one Mg atom lie on twofold rotation axes; one Na and one Ca are disordered over two sites with occupancies of 0.7 and 0.3 and these sites lie on a twofold rotation axis and an inversion centre, respectively

FANCA Gene Mutations in North African Fanconi Anemia Patients

Populations in North Africa (NA) are characterized by a high rate of consanguinity. Consequently, the proportion of founder mutations might be higher than expected and could be a major cause for the high prevalence of recessive genetic disorders like Fanconi anemia (FA). We report clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular characterization of FANCA in 29 North African FA patients from Tunisia, Libya, and Algeria. Cytogenetic tests revealed high rates of spontaneous chromosome breakages for all patients except two of them. FANCA molecular analysis was performed using three different molecular approaches which allowed us to identify causal mutations as homozygous or compound heterozygous forms. It included a nonsense mutation (c.2749C > T; p.Arg917Ter), one reported missense mutation (c.1304G > A; p.Arg435His), a novel missense variant (c.1258G > A; p.Asp409Glu), and the FANCA most common reported mutation (c.3788_3790delTCT; p.Phe1263del). Furthermore, three founder mutations were identified in 86.7% of the 22 Tunisian patients: (1) a deletion of exon 15, in 36.4% patients (8/22); (2), a deletion of exons 4 and 5 in 23% (5/22) and (3) an intronic mutation c.2222 + 166G > A, in 27.3% (6/22). Despite the relatively small number of patients studied, our results depict the mutational landscape of FA among NA populations and it should be taken into consideration for appropriate genetic counseling

La « frange épaisse » : un outil opératoire pour l’analyse et la conception

Part of topic : Ambiantal experiences and experimentsInternational audienceThis paper shares a pedagogical experiment undertaken as part of the initiation to the sensitive projectual. The method is based on the concept of limit, considered as a filter regulating the atmospheric interaction of the places it mark. Supported on experimentation in situ, the work aims to make more expert the ordinary perception of the student. It consists of uncovering the geometric properties of the limits that structure and configure analysis support spaces, and filter the effects they generate. The work led to the development of an intelligibility hybrid model that promotes building a directory of ambiantal references and their transposition in the design project

Nutritive value of on-farm common vetch-oat hays. II. Ruminal degradability of dry matter and crude protein

Rumen degradation characteristics and effective degradability (ED) of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of 11 samples of common vetch-oat hay were determined using the nylon bag technique in three rumen fistulated wethers. Animals were fed at an intake level of 40 g DM$\cdot$kg$^{-1}\cdot$BW$^{0.75}$ with a mixed diet of vetch-oat hay and concentrate (2:1 on DM). Mean values of ED of DM and CP, calculated for rumen outflow rates determined in each sheep, presented a moderate variation (mean = 65.8% ; CV = 7.9% for DM and mean = 79.3% ; CV = 4.7% for CP). Vetch proportion in hay was positively correlated with ED of DM (r = 0.412; $P < 0.05$) and ED of CP (r = 0.583; $P < 0.001$). Predictive equations of ED from chemical composition were obtained using the step wise procedure. The contents of neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin explained 79.4% of the total variation of ED of DM. The best prediction of ED of CP was obtained with the concentration of cellulose as an independent variable (r$^2$ = 0.839). Degradation studies in these hays also indicated that the content of bypass protein, potentially digestible in the small intestine, was low. Thus, most N available to animals was derived from rumen microbial synthesis.Valeur nutritive des foins de vesce-avoine pour les ovins. II. Dégradabilité dans le rumen. Les caractéristiques de dégradation et la dégradabilité théorique (DT) dans le rumen de la matière sèche (MS) et des matières azotées totales (MAT) de 11 foins de vesce-avoine ont été mesurées avec des sachets de nylon sur trois moutons munis d'une canule du rumen. Les animaux ont été nourris avec une ration composée de foin de vesce-avoine et d'aliment concentré dans des proportions 2:1 (sur MS) à un niveau de 40 g MS$\cdot$kg$^{-1}\cdot$P$^{0,75}$. Les valeurs de DT, calculées avec des taux de sortie des particules du rumen mesurés pour chaque animal, ont été peu variables tant pour la MS (moyenne = 65,8 % ; CV = 7,9 % ) que pour les MAT (moyenne = 79,3 % ; CV = 4,7 % ). La proportion de vesce du foin a été positivement reliée avec la DT de la MS (r = 0,412 ; $P < 0,05$) et des MAT (r = 0,583 ; $P < 0,001$). Des équations de prédiction de la DT à partir de la composition chimique ont été obtenues. Dans le cas de la MS, les teneurs en parois cellulaires et en lignocellulose expliquent 79,4 % de la variation totale observée pour la DT. En revanche, la meilleure prédiction de la DT des MAT a été obtenue avec la teneur en cellulose comme variable indépendante (r$^2$ = 0,839). Les études de dégradation ont aussi montré que ces foins ont une faible teneur en protéine non dégradée dans le rumen et potentiellement digestible dans l'intestin. De cette façon, la plus grande partie de l'azote disponible pour l'animal est fournie par la synthèse microbienne dans le rumen

Effects of maturity on nutritive value of field-cured hays from common vetch and hairy vetch

Hay samples from common vetch and hairy vetch were collected at three maturity stages (bloom and two stages during pod-filling) with the aims of assessing the optimum harvesting stage and comparing the nutritive value of the two species. As maturation progressed, the hay content in cell wall increased and that of CP decreased. The two species showed different patterns in line with the maturing process, regarding digestibility of nutrients and effective degradability of DM and CP. Common vetch hay showed a progressive decrease of digestibility and degradability values in line with the maturing process of vegetative structures. Hairy vetch hay, however, showed a compensatory effect produced by an increasing grain proportion at later maturity stages. The nutritive value at flowering was higher for common vetch hay than for hairy vetch hay, but the opposite was observed at the stage of mature legumes. Voluntary DM intake was not affected by the species or harvest stages. Degradation studies, carried out by the nylon bag technique, showed that in these hays CP was extensively rumen degraded. Consequently, their digestible bypass protein should be low.Effets du stade de maturité sur la valeur nutritive des foins de vesce commune et de vesce velue. Une étude comparative sur la qualité des foins de vesce commune et de vesce velue, recoltés à trois stades de végétation (floraison et deux stades pendant la formation des gousses) a été conduite avec le but d'établir le stade optimal de coupe et de comparer la valeur nutritive des deux espèces. Au cours de la maturation des légumes, la teneur en parois cellulaires des foins a augmenté et celle des MAT a diminué pour les deux espèces, mais les évolutions de la digestibilité des différents constituants et de la dégradabilité de la MS et des MAT ont été différentes. La digestibilité et la dégradabilité du foin de vesce commune ont diminué progressivement avec la maturation des structures végétatives. En revanche, pour le foin de vesce velue on a observé un effet compensatoire à la maturité du grain dû à l'augmentation de la proportion de grains. La valeur nutritive à la floraison est supérieure pour le foin de vesce commune, mais l'opposé est observé à la maturité du grain. La quantité de foin volontairement ingérée n'a pas été affectée par l'espèce ou le stade de végétation. Des études de dégradation avec sachets de nylon ont montré que la dégradabilité des MAT de ces foins est très elevée et que leur teneur en protéine non degradée digestible dans l'intestin doit être faible

Nutritive value of on-farm vetch-oat hays. I. Voluntary intake and nutrient digestibility

Forage hay from the common vetch-oat intercrop has the potential to meet the forage deficit and integrate crop and livestock production in Mediterranean cereal-sheep systems. Groups of three wethers (1-2 year-old) were randomly allocated to individual on-farm hays of a sample size of 12 with the aim of assessing variability of botanical and chemical fractions, digestibility of nutrients, and DM intake. Vetch content (g$\cdot$kg$^{-1}$ DM) of hays (mean value = 557) ranged from 125 to 917. Mean contents (g$\cdot$kg$^{-1}$ DM) of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) were 126, 486, and 45 respectively. Variations of chemical composition between hays, and especially those of CP and ADL were partially explained by vetch proportion. Voluntary intake (g DM$\cdot$kg$^{-1}\cdot$BW$^{0.75}$) had a mean value of 64.2 and ranged from 49.0 to 78.9. Organic matter digestibility (mean value = 68.8% ) ranged from 59.9 to 72.6% . The digestibility coefficient of nutrients and voluntary intake showed lower variability than that of chemical fractions, which, in turn, had a lower variability than that of botanical composition. The mean digestible energy (DE) concentration of the study sample was 11.72 MJ DE$\cdot$kg$^{-1}$ DM. Low variability of this value (CV = 5.9% ) indicated a compensatory effect between vetch and oat. Vetch proportion in hay gave a better explanation of the variation of CP intake (r$^2$ = 0.63) than of the variation of DE intake (r$^2$ = 0.37). On-farm hays with at least 50 production objective. This criterion may contribute to standardisation and marketing operations at the farm level.Valeur nutritive des foins de vesce-avoine pour les ovins. I. Quantités ingérées et digestibilité. Les foins des associations de vesce-avoine peuvent être employés pour combler le déficit fourrager et intégrer les activités agricoles et d'élevage dans les systèmes céréale-ovin méditerranéens. On a étudié un total de 12 foins sur des lots de trois moutons, distribués au hasard, pour établir la variation de la composition chimique et botanique, la digestibilité et la quantité de MS ingérée. La teneur (g$\cdot$kg$^{-1}$ MS) en vesce dans le foin (valeur moyenne = 557) a varié de 125 à 917. Les concentrations moyennes en matières azotées totales (MAT), en parois (NDF) et en lignine (ADL) ont été de 126, 486 et 45 g$\cdot$kg$^{-1}$ MS, respectivement. Les variations de la composition chimique entre foins sont partiellement expliquées par la teneur en vesce du foin, en particulier pour les valeurs de MAT et ADL. L'ingestibilité (g MS$\cdot$kg$^{-1}\cdot$P$^{0,75}$) a été en moyenne de 64,2 et a varié de 49,0 à 78,9. La digestibilité de la matière organique (valeur moyenne = 68,8 % ) a varié de 59,9 à 72,6 % . La variabilité de la digestibilité et de l'ingestibilité a été plus faible que celle des fractions chimiques, lesquelles, à leur tour, ont eu une plus faible variabilité que celle de la composition botanique. La concentration énergétique moyenne des foins a été de 11,72 MJ d'énergie digestible par kilogramme de MS. La faible variabilité de cette valeur (CV = 5,9 % ) est indicative d'un effet de compensation entre la vesce et l'avoine. La teneur en vesce du foin permet de mieux expliquer la variation de la quantité de matières azotées ingérée (r$^2$ = 0,63) que la variation de la quantité d'énergie digestible ingérée (r$^2$ = 0,37). L'obtention de foins avec une teneur minimale de 50 % de vesce peut être considérée comme un objectif de production. Ce simple critère pourrait aider aux opérations de standardisation et de marketing au niveau de la ferme