Graph Coloring and the Immersion Order

The relationship between graph coloring and the immersion order is considered. Vertex connectivity, edge connectivity and related issues are explored. These lead to the conjecture that, if G requires at least t colors, then G must have immersed within it K t , the complete graph on t vertices. Evidence in support of such a proposition is presented. For each fixed value of t, there can be only a finite number of minimal counterexamples. These counterexamples are characterized based on Kempe chains, connectivity, cutsets and degree bounds. It is proved that minimal counterexamples must, if any exist, be both 4-vertex-connected and t-edge-connected. The t = 5 case is examined in additional detail. The historical context and probable difficulty of settling this conjecture, as well as specific hurdles to its final resolution, are also discussed