Design and Analysis of Flywheel Energy Storage System's Structure

This dissertation, entitled "Design and Analysis of Flywheel Energy Storage System's Structure" is to fulfill the requirement of Final Year Project II. The objectives of this project are to study and understand the principle of operation of the Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS), to design new structure of horizontal FESS, to simulate the structural mechanics of the FESS, and to analyse static and dynamic loads on the FESS structure. FESS is a system which is targeted to be implemented and utilized as potential alternative energy in Malaysia, as the issue of oil and gas scarcity and price high is one of the major problems nowadays. The need for a clean and reliable energy from FESS is essential to reduce the green house gas emissions. FESS aims to supply uninterruptible power supply (UPS) to any system that is driven by electrical motor. The design approach of the system's structure includes the flywheel design calculations and shaft design calculations. Detailed design is created and shaft loading analyses are executed using the Autodesk Inventor Professional Software. The results obtained from calculations are compared with the results generated by Autodesk Inventor Professional Software and ANSYS 11.0 Software. To further verify the analyses, simulations of the static and dynamic analyses are conducted using the ANSYS 11.0 Software. The final design specifications for FESS show that the most suitable material for a flywheel disc is stainless steel, with an outer diameter of 0.20 m and a shaft with 0.4 m length and 0.05 m diameter which produce 4392 rpm in its operation. The amount of kinetic energy that can be stored for a given power of 37285 W is 3.98 kJ. As one of the essential component in the FESS, the shaft design is observed to be safe to function, as it produces a negligible value of deflection and does not break during rotation. Further analysis of the electromagnetic flux induced by the system is recommended, besides generating several configurations of FESS which can give the highest efficiency to the system

Temperature Effect on Shear Thinning Behavior of Low-Viscous Oilfield Emulsion

Crude oil emulsion is causing a lot of problems, especially during crude oil production. There are many ways to mitigate the emulsion problems but this leads to an increment in operating expenses of oil production. In order to comply with the standard sales oil quality, crude oil emulsion must be treated properly. Hence, better understanding of emulsion is essential since emulsion can be available in almost all phases of oil production and processing. This chapter describes how temperature parameters would affect the rheological property of a low-viscous emulsion and how it would become a significant point associated with stability of crude oil emulsion in oilfield production. Experimental results indicated that the water-in-crude oil emulsion formed from low-viscous crude oil exhibits a non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior, which was best presented by the Herschel-Bulkley rheological model. Temperature ranges from 20 to 90°C were examined to study the effect of temperature toward shear stress and viscosity of oilfield emulsion. Measurement of shear stress at shear rates higher than 600 s−1 is a new direction in rheology study that not much is known about its effect on shear stress

Design and Analysis of Flywheel Energy Storage System's Structure

This dissertation, entitled "Design and Analysis of Flywheel Energy Storage System's Structure" is to fulfill the requirement of Final Year Project II. The objectives of this project are to study and understand the principle of operation of the Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS), to design new structure of horizontal FESS, to simulate the structural mechanics of the FESS, and to analyse static and dynamic loads on the FESS structure. FESS is a system which is targeted to be implemented and utilized as potential alternative energy in Malaysia, as the issue of oil and gas scarcity and price high is one of the major problems nowadays. The need for a clean and reliable energy from FESS is essential to reduce the green house gas emissions. FESS aims to supply uninterruptible power supply (UPS) to any system that is driven by electrical motor. The design approach of the system's structure includes the flywheel design calculations and shaft design calculations. Detailed design is created and shaft loading analyses are executed using the Autodesk Inventor Professional Software. The results obtained from calculations are compared with the results generated by Autodesk Inventor Professional Software and ANSYS 11.0 Software. To further verify the analyses, simulations of the static and dynamic analyses are conducted using the ANSYS 11.0 Software. The final design specifications for FESS show that the most suitable material for a flywheel disc is stainless steel, with an outer diameter of 0.20 m and a shaft with 0.4 m length and 0.05 m diameter which produce 4392 rpm in its operation. The amount of kinetic energy that can be stored for a given power of 37285 W is 3.98 kJ. As one of the essential component in the FESS, the shaft design is observed to be safe to function, as it produces a negligible value of deflection and does not break during rotation. Further analysis of the electromagnetic flux induced by the system is recommended, besides generating several configurations of FESS which can give the highest efficiency to the system

Review on Application of Quaternary Ammonium Salts for Gas Hydrate Inhibition

Gas hydrate solids occurrence is considered as one of the serious challenges in flow assurance as it affects the hydrocarbon production significantly, especially in deep water gas fields. The most cost-effective method to inhibit the formation of hydrate in pipelines is by injecting a hydrate inhibitor agent. Continuous studies have led to a comprehensive understanding on the use of low dosage hydrate inhibitors such as ionic liquid and quaternary ammonium salts which are also known as dual function gas hydrate inhibitors. This paper covers the latest types of quaternary ammonium salts (2020–2016) and a summary of findings which are essential for future studies. Reviews on the effects of length of ionic liquids alkyl chain, average suppression temperatures, hydrate dissociation enthalpies, and electrical conductivity to the effectiveness of the quaternary ammonium salts as gas hydrate inhibitors are included

Development and Integration of Metocean Data Interoperability for Intelligent Operations and Automation Using Machine Learning: A Review

The current oil industry is moving towards digitalization, which is a good opportunity that will bring value to all its stakeholders. The digitalization of oil and gas discovery, which are production-based industries, is driven by enabling technologies which include machine learning (ML) and big data analytics. However, the existing Metocean system generates data manually using sensors such as the wave buoy, anemometer, and acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP). Additionally, these data which appear in ASCII format to the Metocean system are also manual and silos. This slows down provisioning, while the monitoring element of the Metocean data path is partial. In this paper, we demonstrate the capabilities of ML for the development of Metocean data integration interoperability based on intelligent operations and automation. A comprehensive review of several research studies, which explore the needs of ML in oil and gas industries by investigating the in-depth integration of Metocean data interoperability for intelligent operations and automation using an ML-based approach, is presented. A new model integrated with the existing Metocean data system using ML algorithms to monitor and interoperate with maximum performance is proposed. The study reveals that ML is one of the crucial and key enabling tools that the oil and gas industries are now focused on for implementing digital transformation, which allows the industry to automate, enhance production, and have less human capacity. Lastly, user recommendations for potential future investigations are offered