THEORETICAL ANALYSES ON "SPLASH" FORMATION OF COMPETITIVE DIVING

Based upon our work in theoretical analysis and computer simulation of the impact process between diver and water, the purpose of this study was to analyze mechanisms of "splash" formation. The entry technique with palms facing each other was simplified as water entry of a "wedged" object. The entry technique with internal rotation of the arms to form a flat impact surface with the palms was simplified as water entry of a "rectangle". Finally, the water entry with rotation was treated as water entry of a "rotating rectangle", Further mechanical analyses were performed to synthesize "splash" formation mechanisms of these different objects under various impact conditions, and formulate a splash control theory that combines an active impact and a "massaging" motion of water by both hands

Single-Carrier Delay Alignment Modulation for Multi-IRS Aided Communication

Delay alignment modulation (DAM) is a promising technology to achieve ISI-free wideband communication, by leveraging delay compensation and path-based beamforming, rather than the conventional channel equalization or multi-carrier transmission. In particular, when there exist a few strong time-dispersive channel paths, DAM can effectively align different propagation delays and achieve their constructive superposition, thus especially appealing for intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs)-aided communications with controllable multi-paths. In this paper, we apply DAM to multi-IRS aided wideband communication and study its practical design and achievable performance. We first provide an asymptotic analysis showing that when the number of base station (BS) antennas is much larger than that of IRSs, an ISI-free channel can be established with appropriate delay pre-compensation and the simple path-based MRT beamforming. We then consider the general system setup and study the problem of joint path-based beamforming and phase shifts design for DAM transmission, by considering the three classical beamforming techniques on a per-path basis, namely the low-complexity path-based MRT beamforming, the path-based ZF beamforming for ISI-free DAM communication, and the optimal path-based MMSE beamforming. As a comparison, OFDM-based multi-IRS aided communication is considered. Simulation results demonstrate that DAM outperforms OFDM in terms of spectral efficiency, BER, and PAPR.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figure

Understanding Expressivity of GNN in Rule Learning

Rule learning is critical to improving knowledge graph (KG) reasoning due to their ability to provide logical and interpretable explanations. Recently, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) with tail entity scoring achieve the state-of-the-art performance on KG reasoning. However, the theoretical understandings for these GNNs are either lacking or focusing on single-relational graphs, leaving what the kind of rules these GNNs can learn an open problem. We propose to fill the above gap in this paper. Specifically, GNNs with tail entity scoring are unified into a common framework. Then, we analyze their expressivity by formally describing the rule structures they can learn and theoretically demonstrating their superiority. These results further inspire us to propose a novel labeling strategy to learn more rules in KG reasoning. Experimental results are consistent with our theoretical findings and verify the effectiveness of our proposed method. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/LARS-research/Rule-learning-expressivity.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figure

A prediction model for N2 disease in T1 non–small cell lung cancer

ObjectiveControversy remains over the routine use of mediastinoscopy or positron emission tomography in T1 non–small cell lung cancer without lymph node enlargement on computed tomography because the risk of N2 involvement is comparatively low. We aimed to develop a prediction model for N2 disease in cT1N0 non–small cell lung cancer to aid in the decision-making process.MethodsWe reviewed the records of 530 patients with computed tomography–defined T1N0 non–small cell lung cancer who underwent surgical resection with systematic lymph node dissection. Correlations between N2 involvement and clinicopathologic parameters were assessed using univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analysis. A prediction model was built on the basis of logistic regression analysis and was internally validated using bootstrapping.ResultsThe incidence of N2 disease was 16.8%. Four independent predictors were identified in multivariate logistic regression analysis and included in the prediction model: younger age at diagnosis (odds ratio, 0.974; 95% confidence interval, 0.952-0.997), larger tumor size (odds ratio, 2.769; 95% confidence interval, 1.818-4.217), central tumor location (odds ratio, 3.204; 95% confidence interval, 1.512-6.790), and invasive adenocarcinoma histology (odds ratio, 3.537; 95% confidence interval, 1.740-7.191). This model shows good calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow test: P = .784), reasonable discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.726; 95% confidence interval, 0.669-0.784), and minimal overfitting demonstrated by bootstrapping.ConclusionsWe developed a 4-predictor model that can estimate the probability of N2 disease in computed tomography–defined T1N0 non–small cell lung cancer. This prediction model can help to determine the cost-effective use of mediastinal staging procedures

Increased IL-10 mRNA expression in tumor-associated macrophage correlated with late stage of lung cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Monocyte recruited into the tumor and maturation to tumor-associated macrophage (TAM). <it>Interleukin-10(IL-10) </it>is a potent immunosuppressive cytokine, which can be secreted from both primary tumor and stromal cells. However, there are controversies regarding its role in the progression of cancer. So it is important to isolate TAM from tumor cells to study the role of <it>IL-10 </it>in the progress of cancer. The aim of our study was to determine whether <it>IL-10 </it>expressed by TAM correlated with clinicopathological factors in NSCLC.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>TAM in NSCLC was isolated by short-term culture in serum free medium with the modification to literature reports. The mRNA expression levels of <it>IL-10</it>, <it>cathepsin B</it>, <it>cathepsin S</it>, which were closely related with TAM according to the literatures, were evaluated by Quantitative real-time RT-PCR in 63 NSCLC. The relationships between their expression levels and clinicopathological features were investigated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We successfully achieved up to 95% purity of TAM, derived from 63 primary lung cancer tissues. TAM expressed high levels of <it>IL-10</it>, <it>cathepsin B </it>in NSCLC. High levels of <it>IL-10 </it>in TAM significantly correlated with stage, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion or histologic poor differentiation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results revealed that TAM with high levels of <it>IL-10 </it>expression may play an important role in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer. The data also suggested that TAMs may involve in tumor immunosuppression through overexpressed <it>IL-10</it>. Additionally, the phenotype of isolated TAM can be potentially used to predict clinicopathological features as well.</p

A Comprehensive Research on Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Microbiota of Aquatic Animals

The occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) as emerging contaminants is of continued concern for human health. Antibiotics used in aquaculture have promoted the evolution and spread of ARGs. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of 37 ARGs conferring resistance to six classes of antibiotics in 94 aquatic animals from five cities in southeast coast of China. The results showed that floR, sulII, sulI, strB, strA, aadA, and tetS were identified as the prominent ARGs with the high detection frequencies ranging from 30.9 to 51.1% in total samples. Then relative expression amount of seven prominent ARGs quantified by qPCR, ranging from 0.003 to 0.065. The tetS was the most abundant ARG among the seven ARGs. Though aadA was the second highest detection frequency of ARGs, it was the lowest expression amount ARG. The occurrences and abundances of ARGs in freshwater aquatic animals were greater than those in marine, reflecting the discrepancy of cultivation pattern between the freshwater and marine aquaculture. Shanghai was considered as the most prevalent site with 16 ARGs, and Ningbo merely contained 9 ARGs without of β-lactam ARGs and quinolone ARGs, showing variations of ARGs with geographical location. Eight kinds of sulfonamides and one chloramphenicol residues were further measured in samples from Shanghai. Interestingly, no target antibiotics were found, but sulfonamides resistance genes (sulI, sulII) and chloramphenicol resistance genes (floR) persisted at aquatic animals in the absence of selection pressure. Our research firstly shows comprehensive information on the ARGs in skin microbiota of aquatic animals, which could provide useful information and a new insight for better understanding on the ARGs dissemination in aquatic animals

Inhibitive effect of triptolide on invasiveness of human fibrosarcoma cells by downregulating matrix metalloproteinase—9 expression

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the molecular mechanisms of antitumor properties of triptolide, a bioactive component isolated from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wolfordii Hook F.MethodsHuman fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells were treated with different doses of triptolide for 72 h. Then the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 were measured and the invasiveness of triptolide-treated HT-1080 cells was compared with that of anti-MMP-9-treated HT-1080 cells.Results18 nmol/L triptolide inhibited the gene expression and activity of MMP-9, but not those of MMP-2, in HT-1080 cells. In addition, both 18 nmol/L triptolide and 3 μg/mL anti-MMP-9 significantly reduced the invasive potential of HT-1080 cells, by about 50% and 35%, respectively, compared with the control. Whereas there was no significant difference between the effect of 18 nmol/L triptolide and that of anti-MMP-9 on invasive potential of HT-1080 cells.ConclusionsThese data suggest that triptolide inhibits tumor cell invasion partly by reducing MMP-9 gene expression and activity