Hafters and crafters : verbal unruliness and the contest for artistic discourse in the english renaissance

Chapter One argues for the recovery of the word haft. An account of the denotative varieties of haft provides a way of looking back into an implicit logic of rhetorical practice which has fallen out of use. Chapter Two focuses on two texts by John Skelton which demonstrate the rhetorical texture of literary contests: the flyting Agenst Garnesche (1514) and the interlude Magnyfycence (c. 1515). In the former, Skelton falls to verbal blows with his opponent, Christopher Garnesche, in an effort to exalt his own reputation at court while humiliating Garnesche. In Magnyfycence, Skelton enlarges an understanding of haft through characters who explicitly claim to be hafters. Chapter Three examines oppositional discourse in the English Renaissance as it appears later in the sixteenth century in Sidney\u27s Defense of Poesie and Puttenham\u27s The Arte of English Poesie. As opposed to the ostentatious style and heavy-handed nature of earlier-century flytings, the manner in which authors wage later-century verbal combat is more restrained, and private contests for a reputation as a distinguished poet must be disguised as a public effort to imitate courtly decorum in the form of poesie. Here, haft marks out the places where professional status and style intersect. In Chapter Four, haft serves as a means of indicating the aptness of one\u27s ideas about language. Herein the quarrel between Thomas Nashe and Gabriel Harvey is considered as a later sixteenth-century flyting disguised as criticism. This debate helps shape the identity and boundaries of the profession of English literature, setting out the limits of decorum by means of their eristic nature. Chapter Five examines haft as a transgression of boundaries via indecorous language of rogues, vagrants, and ruffians in Jonson\u27s Bartholomew Fair. Just as the actual fair event places a number of the dramatis personae in close proximity to rogues and cut-purses, Bartholomew Fair offers playgoers the opportunity to slum in an anti-pastoral carnival world without risking injury to their own purse or person. The dramatist benefits from exchanging a performative text with an audience whose admiration fills the symbolic coffers of Jonson\u27s cultural strongbox

Permeability evolution across carbonate hosted normal fault zones

Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank Total E&P and BG Group for project funding and support, and the Industry Technology Facilitator for facilitating the collaborative development (grant number 3322PSD). The authors would also like to express their gratitude to the Aberdeen Formation Evaluation Society and the College of Physical Sciences at the University of Aberdeen for partial financial support. Raymi Castilla (Total E&P), Fabrizio Agosta and Cathy Hollis are also thanked for their constructive comments and suggestions to improve the standard of this manuscript as are John Still and Colin Taylor (University of Aberdeen) for technical assistance in the laboratory. Piero Gianolla is thanked for his editorial handling of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPostprin

Historical reconstruction of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation from the ECMWF operational ocean reanalysis

A reconstruction of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) for the period 1959–2006 has been derived from the ECMWF operational ocean reanalysis. The reconstruction shows a wide range of time-variability, including a downward trend. At 26N, both the MOC intensity and changes in its vertical structure are in good agreement with previous estimates based on trans-Atlantic surveys. At 50N, the MOC and strength of the subpolar gyre are correlated at interannual time scales, but show opposite secular trends. Heat transport variability is highly correlated with the MOC but shows a smaller trend due to the warming of the upper ocean, which partially compensates for the weakening of the circulation. Results from sensitivity experiments show that although the time-varying upper boundary forcing provides useful MOC information, the sequential assimilation of ocean data further improves the MOC estimation by increasing both the mean and the time variability

Serving GODAE Data and Products to the Ocean Community

The Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE [http:// www.godae.org]) has spanned a decade of rapid technological development. The ever-increasing volume and diversity of oceanographic data produced by in situ instruments, remote-sensing platforms, and computer simulations have driven the development of a number of innovative technologies that are essential for connecting scientists with the data that they need. This paper gives an overview of the technologies that have been developed and applied in the course of GODAE, which now provide users of oceanographic data with the capability to discover, evaluate, visualize, download, and analyze data from all over the world. The key to this capability is the ability to reduce the inherent complexity of oceanographic data by providing a consistent, harmonized view of the various data products. The challenges of data serving have been addressed over the last 10 years through the cooperative skills and energies of many individuals

Indirect effects on fitness between individuals that have never met via an extended phenotype

Interactions between organisms are ubiquitous and have important consequences for phenotypes and fitness. Individuals can even influence those they never meet, if they have extended phenotypes that alter the environments others experience. North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) guard food hoards, an extended phenotype that typically outlives the individual and is usually subsequently acquired by non‐relatives. Hoarding by previous owners can, therefore, influence subsequent owners. We found that red squirrels breed earlier and had higher lifetime fitness if the previous hoard owner was a male. This was driven by hoarding behaviour, as males and mid‐aged squirrels had the largest hoards, and these effects persisted across owners, such that if the previous owner was male or died in mid‐age, subsequent occupants had larger hoards. Individuals can, therefore, influence each other’s resource‐dependent traits and fitness without ever meeting, such that the past can influence contemporary population dynamics through extended phenotypes.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148423/1/ele13230.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148423/2/ele13230_am.pd

Targeted photodynamic therapy of breast cancer cells using lactose-phthalocyanine functionalized gold nanoparticles

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which have been widely used for the delivery of photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer, can be dispersed in aqueous solutions, improving the delivery of the hydrophobic photosensitizer into the body. Furthermore, the large surface of AuNPs can be functionalized with a variety of ligands, including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, that allow selective targeting to cancer tissue. In this study, gold nanoparticles were functionalized with a mixed monolayer of a zinc phthalocyanine and a lactose derivative. For the first time, a carbohydrate was used with a dual purpose, as the stabilizing agent of the gold nanoparticles in aqueous solutions and as the targeting agent for breast cancer cells. The functionalization of the phthalocyanine-AuNPs with lactose led to the production of water-dispersible nanoparticles that are able to generate singlet oxygen and effect cell death upon irradiation. The targeting ability of lactose of the lactose-phthalocyanine functionalized AuNPs was studied in vitro towards the galectin-1 receptor on the surface of breast cancer cells. The targeting studies showed the exciting potential of lactose as a specific targeting agent for galactose-binding receptors overexpressed on breast cancer cells

Use of a regional wall motion score to enhance risk stratification of patients receiving an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

AbstractObjectives. We postulated that preoperative assessment of both regional wall motion and left ventricular ejection fraction would serve as an accurate prognostic indicator of long-term cardiac mortality and functional outcome in patients treated with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.Background. Long-term cardiac mortality has remained high in patients receiving an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. The ability to risk stratify patients before defibrillator implantation is becoming increasingly important from a medical and economic standpoint.Methods. The hypothesis was retrospectively tested in 74 patients who had received an implantable cardioverterdefibrillator. Left ventricular ejection fraction and regional wall motion score, derived from centerline chord motion analysis, were calculated for each patient from the preoperative right anterior oblique contrast ventriculogram. Wall motion score was the only significant independent predictor of long-term cardiac mortality and functional status by multivariate analysis because of its enhanced prognostic capability in patients with an ejection fraction in the critical range of 30% to 40%.Results. Patients with an ejection fraction >40% had a 3-year cardiac mortality rate of 0% compared with 25% for those with an ejection fraction of 30% to 40% and 48% for those with an ejection fraction <30% (p < 0.05). Similarly, 75% of patients with an ejection fraction >40% were in New York Heart Association functional class I or II during long-term follow-up compared with 59% of those with an ejection fraction 30% to 40% and 29% of those with an ejection fraction <30%. Among patients with an ejection fraction of 30% to 40%, those with a wall motion score >16% had a 3-year cardiac mortality rate of 0% compared with 71% of those with a wall motion score ≤ 16% (p = 0.002). In addition, 86% of patients with a wall motion score >16% were in functional class I or II during long-term follow-up compared with 13% of those with a wall motion score ≤16% (p = 0.001).Conclusions. Long-term cardiac mortality and functional outcome in patients receiving an implantable cardioverterdefibrillator can be predicted if the left ventricular ejection fraction and regional wall motion score are measured preoperatively

Early Science with the Large Millimeter Telescope: COOL BUDHIES I - a pilot study of molecular and atomic gas at z~0.2

An understanding of the mass build-up in galaxies over time necessitates tracing the evolution of cold gas (molecular and atomic) in galaxies. To that end, we have conducted a pilot study called CO Observations with the LMT of the Blind Ultra-Deep H I Environment Survey (COOL BUDHIES). We have observed 23 galaxies in and around the two clusters Abell 2192 (z = 0.188) and Abell 963 (z = 0.206), where 12 are cluster members and 11 are slightly in the foreground or background, using about 28 total hours on the Redshift Search Receiver (RSR) on the Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT) to measure the $^{12}$CO J = 1 --> 0 emission line and obtain molecular gas masses. These new observations provide a unique opportunity to probe both the molecular and atomic components of galaxies as a function of environment beyond the local Universe. For our sample of 23 galaxies, nine have reliable detections (S/N$\geq$3.6) of the $^{12}$CO line, and another six have marginal detections (2.0 < S/N < 3.6). For the remaining eight targets we can place upper limits on molecular gas masses roughly between $10^9$ and $10^{10} M_\odot$. Comparing our results to other studies of molecular gas, we find that our sample is significantly more abundant in molecular gas overall, when compared to the stellar and the atomic gas component, and our median molecular gas fraction lies about $1\sigma$ above the upper limits of proposed redshift evolution in earlier studies. We discuss possible reasons for this discrepancy, with the most likely conclusion being target selection and Eddington bias.Comment: MNRAS, submitte

Impacts of Climate Change on indirect human exposure to pathogens and chemicals from agriculture

Objective: Climate change is likely to affect the nature of pathogens and chemicals in the environment and their fate and transport. Future risks of pathogens and chemicals could therefore be very different from those of today. In this review, we assess the implications of climate change for changes in human exposures to pathogens and chemicals in agricultural systems in the United Kingdom and discuss the subsequent effects on health impacts. Data sources: In this review, we used expert input and considered literature on climate change ; health effects resulting from exposure to pathogens and chemicals arising from agriculture ; inputs of chemicals and pathogens to agricultural systems ; and human exposure pathways for pathogens and chemicals in agricultural systems. Data synthesis: We established the current evidence base for health effects of chemicals and pathogens in the agricultural environment ; determined the potential implications of climate change on chemical and pathogen inputs in agricultural systems ; and explored the effects of climate change on environmental transport and fate of different contaminant types. We combined these data to assess the implications of climate change in terms of indirect human exposure to pathogens and chemicals in agricultural systems. We then developed recommendations on future research and policy changes to manage any adverse increases in risks. Conclusions: Overall, climate change is likely to increase human exposures to agricultural contaminants. The magnitude of the increases will be highly dependent on the contaminant type. Risks from many pathogens and particulate and particle-associated contaminants could increase significantly. These increases in exposure can, however, be managed for the most part through targeted research and policy changes

Global health learning outcomes in pharmacy students completing international advanced pharmacy practice experiences

© 2020, American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. All rights reserved. Objective. To examine the global health learning outcomes of Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students from three US schools who participated in international advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs). Methods. A mixed-methods, prospective study was used to assess fourth-year PharmD students at three US pharmacy schools who participated in an international APPE during the 2017-2018 academic year and a matched cohort (control group) of PharmD students who did not participate in an international APPE. To evaluate students’ self-perceived growth in the Consortium of Universities for Global Health (CUGH) competencies, all students completed a 13-item retrospective pre-post instrument using a five-point Likert scale. The students who had completed an international APPE were invited to participate in a focus group (N522). Paired and independent t tests and multiple linear regression were used to analyze data. Qualitative open-ended questions and focus group data were mapped to knowledge, skills, and attitudes themes. Results. The students who completed an international APPE (N581) showed significantly more growth in CUGH competencies than students who did not (mean improvement in total score of 10.3 [7.0] vs 2.4 [6.0]). International APPE participation was the only significant predictor of growth in CUGH competencies. The international APPE students reported improvements in cultural awareness and appreciation, communication skills, problem-solving skills, adaptability, self-awareness, personal and professional outlook, and global health perspective. Conclusion. Pharmacy students’ participation in international APPEs led to significant improvement in all CUGH competencies. The CUGH competency framework appears to be a suitable instrument to assess pharmacy students’ global health learning outcomes