1,829 research outputs found
Sexual Assault Reports to the Police: A Pilot Investigation of the Factors that Influence Victimization Reporting and Victim Perceptions of Police Responses
The purpose of this study is to examine issues associated with the reporting of sexual assault victimization to the police and police responses to these reports. The information gathered will be used to inform best practices regarding future responses by the Missoula Police Department (MPD) and other stakeholders. The information will also be used to inform a larger investigation that will take place after the current pilot phase of the project ends. Evidence gathered from the data collected shows that many officers are conducting successful interviews with survivors of sexual assault. A majority of respondents state that detectives made them feel safe and comfortable. Additional data also suggests that detectives are informing survivors of the next-step proceedings throughout the entire process, contributing to a more positive reported experience by respondents. Survivors are also being encouraged to use additional services outside of the police department, which leads to greater satisfaction with the reporting process
The Use of Dining Data to Increase Retention and Academic Success in Residential First-Year Students
Higher education leaders have been conducting research over the last 50 years to pinpoint why students enroll in college and then end up leaving. Research shows that there is not a single factor that influences a student’s decision, but it is a variety of factors. Influential factors include class attendance, a sense of belonging, motivation, academic rigor and performance, finances, and more. A student’s physical wellness and mental state can also impact their academic success and life while in college. First-year students often experience depression, anxiety, and loneliness as they try to successfully transition to college. Most of these influential factors are quantified and measured by institutions in real-time through predictive analytics to identify students at risk of leaving. One data point that has not been thoroughly researched is dining data. This non-experimental, causal-comparison study investigated the relationship between dining data and academic success and retention. Analysis of the data showed that dining data can predict academic success and retention, however, the strongest correlation existed between a significant change in dining habits predicting persistence into the next semester. The findings indicate that dining data should be collected by institutions and integrated into predictive analytics to identify at-risk students. Further research should be conducted to generalize the use of dining data in predictive analytics as well as investigate how dining data can be paired with other data points to further identify students in need of assistance
Gamma-Ray Burst Spectral Features: Interpretation as X-ray Emission From A Photoionized Plasma
Numerous reports have been made of features, either in emission or
absorption, in the 10 - 1000 keV spectra of some gamma-ray bursts. Originally
interpreted in the context of Galactic neutron star models as cyclotron line
emission and annihilation features, the recent demonstration that
the majority of GRBs lie at cosmological distances make these explanations
unlikely. In this letter, we adopt a relativistic fireball model for
cosmological GRBs in which dense, metal rich blobs or filaments of plasma are
entrained in the relativistic outflow. In the context of this model, we
investigate the conditions under which broadband features, similar to those
detected, can be observed. We find a limited region of parameter space capable
of reproducing the observed GRB spectra. Finally, we discuss possible
constraints further high-energy spectral observations could place on fireball
model parameters.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters Four pages,
2 figure
Parent perspectives of their involvement in IEP development for children with autism
The present study investigated parents’ experiences making educational decisions for their
children with autism and their satisfaction with the outcomes of those decisions. Parents
completed a survey describing their: (1) input in educational decisions, (2) satisfaction with
school personnel, and (3) satisfaction with their child’s school experience. Sequential regressions
revealed parents’ satisfaction was generally predicted by their own knowledge of autism, school
staff knowledge of autism, parent satisfaction with teachers, and parent relationships with school
personnel. Additionally, parent input was a significant predictor of satisfaction with their child’s
school experience. Finally, open-ended responses indicated that parents experienced many
barriers when working with schools, and often felt compelled to go outside of the school system
to ensure their children received an appropriate education. Implications for teacher preparation
and school-parent partnerships are described
Ecobehavioral Characteristics of Self-Contained High School Classrooms for Students with Severe Cognitive Disability
This study investigated educational experiences for students with significant cognitive disability
(SCD) taught in self-contained high school classrooms. Nineteen students and nine teachers
across five high schools and four school districts participated. A time-sampling method was used
to describe the ecological, teacher, and student behaviors of these classrooms. Field notes were
collected and analyzed as well. Results revealed students in these classrooms were often
passively engaged and had few opportunities to learn from rigorous curriculum. Instructors
engaged in few practices known to be effective in supporting the learning of students with SCD.
Finally, the classrooms themselves were often distracting and demonstrated little evidence of
specialized or effective instruction. Implications for teaching and research are included
A systematic review of behaviour change techniques used in interventions to increase physical activity among breast cancer survivors
BACKGROUND: Despite evidence that physical activity (PA) can help reduce recurrence and mortality, many breast cancer survivors are less active than recommended levels. The aim of this systematic review is to advance our understanding of which behaviour change techniques (BCTs) have been used in interventions promoting breast cancer survivors' PA and to evaluate their potential to increase PA. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in five databases (Medline; PsycInfo; Embase; CINAHL and Scopus) for studies published between 2005 and 2019. Following a rigorous screening process, 27 studies were retained. These were reviewed and analysed for quality, coded for BCTs (k = 0.65) and interventions categorised according to their potential to increase PA using an established methodology. RESULTS: The majority of studies were moderate quality (64%). Demonstration on how to perform the behaviour was the most commonly used BCT (n = 23). Adding objects to the environment, (pedometer or accelerometer) was the BCT with the highest potential to increase PA. This was followed by, goal setting and self-monitoring of behaviour. A theory-based approach to evaluation was used in only 59% (n = 16) of the studies. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this review inform which BCTs have the potential to increase PA for breast cancer survivors and inform intervention development. Future research, is encouraged to properly report intervention procedures around dose and frequency of intervention components to allow for review and replication
Reverse electrodialysis systems comprising wafer and applications thereof
In one aspect, reverse electrodialysis systems are described herein having constructions operable to reduce membrane stack resistance, thereby requiring significantly less membrane surface area for meaningful electrical power generation. A reverse electrodialysis system described herein comprises an anode and cathode adjacent to a membrane stack, the membrane stack comprising alternating anion and cation exchange membranes defining diluate and concentrate ionic solution compartments, wherein an ion exchange medium is positioned in a diluate compartment
Hidden Consequences: Examining the Impact of NIL on Athlete Well-Being
With the NCAA\u27s NIL policy changes, many athletes will likely need to solve the issue of brand management, with many of them assuming the role themselves. Taking on this role will likely lead to even more investment in their athlete identity (i.e., role engulfment), which has negative consequences for the athlete (Hatteberg, 2020). Guided by the literature on role engulfment, this article investigates the hidden effects NIL may have on collegiate athletes and their well-being, along with various branding and legal implications
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