31 research outputs found
Readmission of older patients after hospital discharge for hip fracture: a multilevel approach
Dose-response of RAG2-/-/gammac-/- mice to busulfan in preparation for spermatogonial transplantation
Inhibitor Profiles of Alkaline Phosphatases in Bovine Preattachment Embryos and Adult Tissues
Changes in cell adhesion and cell proliferation are associated with expression of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase
Mice lacking tissue non–specific alkaline phosphatase die from seizures due to defective metabolism of vitamin B–6
Developmental and Afterload Stress Regulation of Heat Shock Proteins in the Ovine Myocardium1
L-proline induces differentiation of ES cells: A novel role for an amino acid in the regulation of pluripotent cells in culture
The development of cell therapeutics from embryonic stem (ES) cells will require technologies that direct cell differentiation to specific somatic cell lineages in response to defined factors. The initial step in formation of the somatic lineages from ES cells, differentiation to an intermediate, pluripotent primitive ectoderm-like cell, can be achieved in vitro by formation of early primitive ectoderm-like (EPL) cells in response to a biological activity contained within the conditioned medium MEDII. Fractionation of MEDII has identified two activities required for EPL cell formation, an activity with a molecular mass of 100 M L-proline and some L-proline-containing peptides resulted in changes in colony morphology, cell proliferation, gene expression, and differentiation kinetics consistent with differentiation toward a primitive ectoderm-like cell. This activity appeared to be associated with L-proline since other amino acids and analogs of proline did not exhibit an equivalent activity. Activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway was found to be necessary but not sufficient for L-proline activity; addition of other activators of the mTOR signaling pathway failed to alter the ES cell phenotype. This is the first report describing a role for amino acids in the regulation of pluripotency and cell differentiation and identifies a novel role for the imino acid L-proline.Jennifer M. Washington, Joy Rathjen, Fernando Felquer, Ana Lonic, Michael D. Bettess, Nancy Hamra, Ljiljana Semendric, Boon Siang Nicholas Tan, Julie-Anne Lake, Rebecca A. Keough, Michael B. Morris and Peter D. Rathje