The Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on the Thoracic Spine Curve, Inspiratory Volume and Cardio-Respiratory Endurance in Boys with Hyper-kyphosis

Background: Hyper-kyphosis is one of the most common malalignments in adolescent boys and can affect their breathing. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) may improve the function of the respiratory muscles in adolescents and may influence their skeletal structure as well. So, this study aimed to examine the effects of inspiratory muscle training on the thoracic spine curve, Inspiratory Volume and Cardio-Respiratory Endurance in Hyperkyphotic Boys Methods: This study was a semi experimentally in design, pre and post-test design with a control group. Twenty-two 12-15 boys, with thoracic spine curve more than 49 degrees were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Both groups performed the same corrective exercise for hyper-kyphosis, the experimental group also performed inspiratory muscle training five days a week using the power breathing device, based on the training protocol. Both groups were evaluated before and after 12 weeks of training in terms of the thoracic spine curve, inspiratory volume, S-index, PIF, and cardio-respiratory endurance. Results: The data analysis showed that the thoracic spine curve decreased significantly in the IMT group (Pvalue=0.025). The IMT group showed significantly increase in inspiratory S-index (T=4.058, Pvalue=0.002), PIF (T=4.06, Pvalue=0.002) and cardio-respiratory endurance (T=2.62, Pvalue=0.050) at posttest in compare to control group. Conclusions: Based on the study findings, it can be concluded that respiratory muscle strengthening alone may not be by itself sufficient for the improvement of Hyper-kyphosis, and corrective exercises can also be recommended along with it. Keywords: Inspiratory Muscle training, Hyper-kyphosis, inspiratory volume, Cardio-respiratory endurance

The Effects of Neurofeedback and Play Therapy on Dynamic Balance in 4-10 years old Children with Diplegic Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Background: Dynamic balance is one of the most important challenges for kids who suffer from cerebral palsy especially diplegic spastic ones. Therefore, this study designed to compare the neurofeedback and play therapy training on dynamic balance in 4-10 years old diplegic spastic cerebral palsy kids. Methods: Quasi-experimental with three groups and pre-posttest design. This study has involved 26 spastic diplegia cerebral palsy children in 1st and 2nd grades, according to the GMFCS protocol. The researcher performed first, initial tests to evaluate the patient’s equilibrium level, by using the PBS assessment instruments. To investigate the study goals, the patients were divided into two groups with a two-study method of neurofeedback and play therapy. Each group has done their special exercises during 10 sessions in 2 weeks for the first group and 20 sessions in 4 weeks for the second time and finally, the PBS test was repeated. Primary data were analyzed using descriptive and argumentative statistics by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, independent t-test, Wilcoxon test, and one-way and two-way ANOVA test. All of these analyzes were done by SPSS software. Results: The study’s results confirm that play therapy has shown a meaningful effect (Pvalue=0.042), while the effect of the neurofeedback method does not represent any legal effect on one’s dynamic balance. In the case of the dynamic balance, the play therapy group has shown better operation in post-tests compared with the neurofeedback group. Conclusions: As results show the play therapy method has shown a meaningful effect on dynamic balance so it has been suggested to improving elderlies balance. Keywords: Cerebral palsy, Neurofeedback, Play therapy, Statistic equivalent, Dynamic equivalent

The Effects of Neurofeedback and Play Therapy on Dynamic Balance in 4-10 years old Children with Diplegic Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Background: Dynamic balance is one of the most important challenges for kids who suffer from cerebral palsy especially diplegic spastic ones. Therefore, this study designed to compare the neurofeedback and play therapy training on dynamic balance in 4-10 years old diplegic spastic cerebral palsy kids. Methods: Quasi-experimental with three groups and pre-posttest design. This study has involved 26 spastic diplegia cerebral palsy children in 1st and 2nd grades, according to the GMFCS protocol. The researcher performed first, initial tests to evaluate the patient’s equilibrium level, by using the PBS assessment instruments. To investigate the study goals, the patients were divided into two groups with a two-study method of neurofeedback and play therapy. Each group has done their special exercises during 10 sessions in 2 weeks for the first group and 20 sessions in 4 weeks for the second time and finally, the PBS test was repeated. Primary data were analyzed using descriptive and argumentative statistics by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, independent t-test, Wilcoxon test, and one-way and two-way ANOVA test. All of these analyzes were done by SPSS software. Results: The study’s results confirm that play therapy has shown a meaningful effect (Pvalue=0.042), while the effect of the neurofeedback method does not represent any legal effect on one’s dynamic balance. In the case of the dynamic balance, the play therapy group has shown better operation in post-tests compared with the neurofeedback group. Conclusions: As results show the play therapy method has shown a meaningful effect on dynamic balance so it has been suggested to improving elderlies balance. Keywords: Cerebral palsy, Neurofeedback, Play therapy, Statistic equivalent, Dynamic equivalent

The Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on the Thoracic Spine Curve, Inspiratory Volume and Cardio-Respiratory Endurance in Boys with Hyper-kyphosis: Inspiratory muscle training and hypr-kyphosis

Background: Hyper-kyphosis is one of the most common malalignments in adolescent boys and can affect their breathing. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) may improve the function of the respiratory muscles in adolescents and may influence their skeletal structure as well. So, this study aimed to examine the effects of inspiratory muscle training on the thoracic spine curve, Inspiratory Volume and Cardio-Respiratory Endurance in Hyperkyphotic Boys Methods: This study was a semi experimentally in design, pre and post-test design with a control group. Twenty-two 12-15 boys, with thoracic spine curve more than 49 degrees were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Both groups performed the same corrective exercise for hyper-kyphosis, the experimental group also performed inspiratory muscle training five days a week using the power breathing device, based on the training protocol. Both groups were evaluated before and after 12 weeks of training in terms of the thoracic spine curve, inspiratory volume, S-index, PIF, and cardio-respiratory endurance. Results: The data analysis showed that the thoracic spine curve decreased significantly in the IMT group (Pvalue=0.025). The IMT group showed significantly increase in inspiratory S-index (T=4.058, Pvalue=0.002), PIF (T=4.06, Pvalue=0.002) and cardio-respiratory endurance (T=2.62, Pvalue=0.050) at posttest in compare to control group. Conclusions: Based on the study findings, it can be concluded that respiratory muscle strengthening alone may not be by itself sufficient for the improvement of Hyper-kyphosis, and corrective exercises can also be recommended along with it. Keywords: Inspiratory Muscle training, Hyper-kyphosis, inspiratory volume, Cardio-respiratory endurance