44 research outputs found
Density Fluctuations in an Electrolyte from Generalized Debye-Hueckel Theory
Near-critical thermodynamics in the hard-sphere (1,1) electrolyte is well
described, at a classical level, by Debye-Hueckel (DH) theory with (+,-) ion
pairing and dipolar-pair-ionic-fluid coupling. But DH-based theories do not
address density fluctuations. Here density correlations are obtained by
functional differentiation of DH theory generalized to {\it non}-uniform
densities of various species. The correlation length diverges universally
at low density as (correcting GMSA theory). When
one has as
where the amplitudes compare informatively with experimental data.Comment: 5 pages, REVTeX, 1 ps figure included with epsf. Minor changes,
references added. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Let
Universality class of the critical point in the restricted primitive model of ionic systems
A coarse-grained description of the restricted primitive model is considered
in terms of the local charge- and number-density fields. Exact reduction to a
one-field theory is derived, and exact expressions for the number-density
correlation functions in terms of higher-order correlation functions for the
charge-density are given. It is shown that in continuum space the singularity
of the charge-density correlation function associated with short-wavelength
charge-ordering disappears when charge-density fluctuations are included by
following the Brazovskii approach. The related singularity of the individual
Feynman diagrams contributing to the number-density correlation functions is
cured when all the diagrams are segregated ito disjoint sets according to their
topological structure. By performing a resummation of all diagrams belonging to
each set a regular expression represented by a secondary diagram is obtained.
The secondary diagrams are again segregated into disjoint sets, and the series
of all the secondary diagrams belonging to a given set is represented by a
hyperdiagram. A one-to-one correspondence between the hyperdiagrams
contributing to the number-density vertex functions, and diagrams contributing
to the order-parameter vertex functions in a certain model system belonging to
the Ising universality class is demonstrated. Corrections to scaling associated
with irrelevant operators that are present in the model-system Hamiltonian, and
other corrections specific to the RPM are also discussed
The use of supportive communication when responding to older people’s emotional distress in home care – An observational study
Thermodiffusion in multicomponent n-alkane mixtures
Compositional grading within a mixture has a strong impact on the evaluation of the pre-exploitation distribution of hydrocarbons in underground layers and sediments. Thermodiffusion, which leads to a partial diffusive separation of species in a mixture due to the geothermal gradient, is thought to play an important role in determining the distribution of species in a reservoir. However, despite recent progress, thermodiffusion is still difficult to measure and model in multicomponent mixtures. In this work, we report on experimental investigations of the thermodiffusion of multicomponent n-alkane mixtures at pressure above 30 MPa. The experiments have been conducted in space onboard the Shi Jian 10 spacecraft so as to isolate the studied phenomena from convection. For the two exploitable cells, containing a ternary liquid mixture and a condensate gas, measurements have shown that the lightest and heaviest species had a tendency to migrate, relatively to the rest of the species, to the hot and cold region, respectively. These trends have been confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations. The measured condensate gas data have been used to quantify the influence of thermodiffusion on the initial fluid distribution of an idealised one dimension reservoir. The results obtained indicate that thermodiffusion tends to noticeably counteract the influence of gravitational segregation on the vertical distribution of species, which could result in an unstable fluid column. This confirms that, in oil and gas reservoirs, the availability of thermodiffusion data for multicomponent mixtures is crucial for a correct evaluation of the initial state fluid distribution