Nutritional value of Chabahar Bay (Oman Sea) Sargassum lentifollium before and after monsoon season

The proximate composition of brown seaweed Sargassum lentifollium was investigated in this study along with analysis of some physicochemical parameters of Chabahar Bay water. The relationship between the nutritive components of this species and environmental parameters was established. Crude protein content varied from 8.05±1.15% of dry weight to 12.29±1.10%, carbohydrate from 31.11±2.03% to 25.11±2.13%, humidity from 15.21±1.00% to 19.22±1.11% with differences significantly before and after monsoon seasons, respectively while ash content varied from 26.11±2.43% to 24.11±1.40%, total fat from 2.11±0.43 % to 1.80±0.40% , total fiber from 10.34±2.21% to 11.84±0.33% and astaxantin content (ppm) from 104.11±1.00 to 97.20±1.18 before and after monsoon season respectively without any significant differences(P>0.05). Regarding to physicochemical parameters of sea water, the result showed there are differences between salinity, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, nitrate, phosphate, chlorophyll a and c before and after monsoon season significantly while there are not in pH, silicate and chlorophyll b. Statistical analysis computed among the environmental and biochemical parameters suggested the potential role played by the abiotic parameters on biosynthetic pathways of seaweed

Integrated culture of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) with different densities of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in recirculation system

Recirculation water system in shrimp culture with objective of decline waste materials of culture media and decreasing the disease is one of strategy which helping the shrimp production. In this investigation, effects of different densities of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture with white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei ) on growth, nutrients conversion rate (nitrogen and phosphor) of shrimp biomass and production economy in recirculation system were studied. Economical efficiency obtained according to final harvested biomass (shrimp and tilapia), the price and other costs for each treatment. Experiments were done in tanks with 6 treatments including: Culture shrimp with exchanged water (T1), culture shrimp with recirculated water system (T2) and integrated culture of shrimp with different densities of tilapia (T3- 0.01, T4- 0.025, T5- 0.05 and T6- 0.075 shrimp- tilapia ratio). The density of shrimp in all treatments was constant about 40/m2. Shrimps were fed with commercial food pellet for 8 weeks. Tilapia was not fed during 7 weeks of experiment. Growth rate and total production of shrimp in T2 compared to that of T5 and T6 and results showed significant differences. No significant differences were detected with other treatments. Growth rate in T3 significantly increased compared to other treatments. Nitrogen conversion rate of biomass (tilapia and shrimp) in all treatments except T1 statistically demonstrated an increasing rate as the tilapia-shrimp ratio was increased. Phosphor conversion ratio of biomass (tilapia and shrimp) showed an increment in T3, T4, T5 and T6 and was significantly different with T1 and T2. Production economy in T2 followed by T4 was significantly increased compared with other treatments. The lowest economical efficiency obtained in T5 and T6 and the highest found in T2. The results of present study suggest that in integrated culture system (tilapia-shrimp), increasing tilapia densities may have a direct significance effect on phosphor conversion rate improvement and an inverse effect on nitrogen conversion and shrimp growth rates. Regarding to studied parameters, decreasing the tilapia- shrimp ratio (0.01 and 0.025) increased nitrogen conversion rate with no decrease in shrimp growth rate

Using Artemia urmiana nauplii enriched with HUFA oils in Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) larvae culture

We assessed the effects of Artemia urmiana nauplii as fish food enriched with different oils on growth and survival rate of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) larvae. Sturgeon ovary oil, cod liver oil, linseed oil and a commercial emulsion (ICES, Belgium Brand) in three levels (100, 200 and 300ppm) for two periods of 12 and 24h were used for enrichment of A. urmiana nauplii fed to Persian sturgeon larvae during 20 days. Length, weight, SGR, CF, FCR and biochemical analyses including fatty acid profiles, total lipid and protein were measured for sturgeon larvae. Maximum length (43.9±2.3mm), DW (34.9±8.7mg), and minimum FCR (1.15±0.21) for sturgeon treatment 12h-200ppm, maximum SGR (13.4±0.6) for sturgeon treatment 12h-300ppm, CF (0.47±0.03) for linseed treatment 12h-300pprn and ICES 12h-300ppm (0.47±0.05), survival (94.1±0.2%) for ICES 24h-200pprn, protein content (70.05%) for ICES 12h-200ppm, lipid (21.14%) for sturgeon ovary oil treatment 24h- 300ppm, Arachidonic acid (ARA) ( 1.54±0.22mg.g OW) for cod liver oil treatment 24h- 300ppm, EPA (3.53±0.36mg.g OW) for cod liver oil 24h-100ppm, and OHA (3.22 ±0.09mg.g OW) for ICES and linseed treatments 24h-200ppm were obtained. DHA/EPA ratio in sturgeon larvae before active feeding was 1.75 which showed no significant difference compared to ICES in two levels (24h-100 and 200ppm) and linseed in two levels (24h-100 and 200ppm). ANOVA of different treatments showed significant differences between length, CF, survival rate, total lipid, ARA, EPA, and DHA contents of the sturgeon larvae among treatments (P<0.05)

Dietary effects of seaweed Sargassum ilicifolium on reducing cholesterol level of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

In this research, the nutritional effects of Sargassum ilicifolium Chabahar Bay, Oman Sea, on cholesterol levels of white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were studied. The seaweed was collected from coastal areas, rinsed, dried, powdered and the nutritional values were measured in the laboratory. A part of protein resources of shrimp feed replaced with seaweed powder in four treatments (D: as control without any replacement) C: with 5%, B: 10 % and A: 15% seaweed replacement, each with three replicates in order to obtain isonitrogenus 33% CP., and Isocaloric (13% fat and 15% carbohydrate) feed. Dried diets were used according to the daily need of shrimp, calculated after each 10 day biometry. Water stability and absorption capacity of the pellets in sea water were measured and compared statistically. Juvenile shrimps (Initial body weight=3 g) were acclimated for one week under hatchery conditions and were fed 3-5% of their body weight. Abiotic parameters, weight and length biometry were measured on day two and day 10, respectively. After 45 days final biometry, body analysis were measured, and muscle colorimeter were conducted using HPLC. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) between body lipid among treatments, but cholesterol content (mg/100gWW) showed significant differences (p<0.05), the lowest (121.68±12.12) was in treatment A, and the highest in D (147.92±11.02). Treatments A and B showed color changes to pink-partial orange and pink in shrimp muscle with no differences compared to white and no color in shrimp in treatments C and D. It seems that this color change plays a major role in market acceptability

Effects of ICES30/4-enriched Artemia urmiana nauplii on growth, survival, salinity tolerance and fatty acid composition of Acipenser persicus larvae

Effects of Artemia urmiana enriched with ICES30/4 as a commercial emulsion of highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) on growth, survival, salinity tolerance and fatty acid composition of the Persian sturgeon larvae were evaluated. Artemia enriched for two different time periods (12 and 24 hours) and non-enriched artemia were fed to A. persicus larvae (average initial wet weight 46.80± 2.03mg) during 20 days. The n3-HUFA content ranged from 0.82±0.08 mg/g DW in non-enriched artemia to 7.69±0.2 mg/g DW in enriched artemia during 24 h with ICES30/4 and ranged from 3.20±0.30 mg/g DW in sturgeon fish larvae fed with non-enriched artemia to 5.98±0.43 mg/g DW in fish larvae fed with 24 h-artemia enriched with ICES30/4 after 20 days. The n3-HUFA content significantly increased compared to 12 h enrichment period both in artemia and sturgeons fed with these artemia (p0.05)

Some biological aspects and biomass estimation of Artemia in Maharloo Lake

Maharloo lake (near Fars province) with a considerable restricted abiotic conditions such as very high salinity (300 g/lit) and a relatively high water temperature is inhabited by the brine-shrimp (Artemia parthenogenetica). This species has a worldwide distribution and in research, biology and biomass estimation of Artemia were studied. The sampling was carried out monthly and in addition to biomass estimation; spatial and temporal distribution patterns and reproduction behaviour were investigated. Simultaneously with field studies in lake ecosystem, some were transported laboratory and preserved in aquarium for further hatching experiments under suitable condition of light, aeration and feeding, In this way, hatching percentage, life cycle and different larval stages were determined. Also, other information related morphology and physiology characteristics of them were collected. The mean biomass of Artemia in Maharloo Lake was estimated 2.53 g/m^3 per year

Comparative study of growth and survival rate in Artemia uramiana fed by Chlorella sp. and Chaetocerus sp.

Artemia uramiana hatched in the laboratory condition were reared in small glass aquariums for 20 days in 4 replications and fed with Chaetocerus sp. and marine Chlorella sp. as treatments. Culture conditions such as temperature, salinity and pH were kept the same for all treatments and replicates. A one-way analysis of variance, showed a significant difference in the mean growth rate of the Artemia treated with different food items (P<0.05), but no significant differences was found in the Anemia survival rate (P=0.4321). The average survival rate and the mean length of Anemia fed on Chaetocerus sp. were 95%, 97%, 93%, 94% and 7.77, 7.76, 8.01, 7.87; for the four replications. For the Artemia fed on Chlorella sp. the values were 82%, 80%, 77%, 85% and 7.06, 7.66, 7.53, 6.83 respectively

Fatty acids nutritional value of two microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata and Isochrysis galbana

Microalgae nutritional value during the larviculture has many important roles can be affected on increasing quantity and quality production. The deficiency of some fatty acids especially HUFA in formulation feed which is normally used in aquaculture, is one of the most important problem in feeding, which using the marine sources oil can solve that. In this study, standard method used in culture of two important species of microalgae in aquaculture (Nannochloropsis oculata and Isochrysis galbana) then comparative survey of their nutritional values with emphasize on DHA, EPA and ARA were done, statistically. Microalgae brought from Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Center- Bandar Abbas and cultured in F2 media, counted by Neobar lam and finally their fatty acids identified with Gas Chromatograph DANI-1000. Statistical analysis was done on treatments average data each with three replications by SPSS V.14 (p0.05), total unsaturated FA–omega 3 (9.4 ±0.5 and 30.2±0.5), total unsaturated FA – omega 6 (19.5±0.2 and 4.7±0.6) and EPA/DHA ratio (4.38±0.6 and 0.032±0.08) with statistical difference (p<0.05) in N. oculata and I. galbana respectively

Effect of synthetic and algal astaxanthin levels on egg astaxanthin content of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

This research was done in a trout farm in Kohkiloyeh and Boyer- Ahmad province. The main object of this study was comparing of two sources of astaxanthin (synthetic or algae) in feed on astaxanthin content of egg in rainbow trout. It was considered seven groups consisting six treatments (T1-T6) in two different astaxanthin sources and a control (C) (without astaxanthin). So, algal astaxanthin (haematococcus pluvialis) in the three levels of 2.67, 3.55 and 8gr/kg food (T1,T2, T3); and synthetic astaxanthin in three levels of 40, 80 and 120mg/kg food in diet (T4, T5, T6) examined on 140 trout broods (3-4 years) for 4 months, before the spawning season. Astaxanthin content of obtained eggs from all treatments in spawning season was measured by HPLC apparatus. The highest and the lowest amount of egg astaxanthin were observed in T3 and C respectively. In each astaxanthin group, a significant difference was obtained between averages in treatments (P <0.05), as T3 was the highest between them. No significant difference was observed between synthetic astaxanthin treatments (T4, T5 and T6) and T1 (the lowest level of algal astaxanthin). Treatments T2 and T6 also had the same function in term of saving astaxanthin in eggs. It also concluded that natural astaxanthin (Haematococcus pluvialis) for the reason that contains supplementary nutritious, is extraordinary preferable than synthetic astaxanthin to improve astaxanthin content of egg in rainbow trout

Effect of garlic extract on growth and survival rate in Litopenaeus vannami post larvae

The effect of garlic extract on growth and survival rates of one day larvae of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp was tested for 12 days .Six nutritional treatments each with three replicates were fed to shrimp larvae (average weight 0.0013g) including control treatment (unriched Artemia nauplii) and second to sixth Artemia nauplii enriched with 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000mg garlic extract per kg, respectively. The one way ANOVA results showed that all treatments were different in terms of average weight and total length of larvae compared to control group. Shrimps being fed by Artesia enriched with 200mg garlic extract per kg food have the best growth, survival rates and length (0.0062mg, 81.6% and 10.6mm). Group 3 with concentration of 400mg garlic extract per kg of feed followed by control group showed better growth and survival rates in shrimp larvae than other treatments but the lowest survival rate evaluated in shrimps fed by Artemia nauplii enriched with 600, 800 and 1000mg garlic extract per kg feed, orderly. Specific growth rates (SGR) for treatment groups 2 and 3 were higher compared to other groups