Impact of Online Consumer Reviews on Hotel Booking Intentions: The Case of Pakistan

This study is aimed at empirically investigating the influence of online consumer reviews such as realism, positive reviews, negative reviews and volume of online reviews on hotel booking intentions in Pakistan through mediational mechanism. Data was collected from 250 part-time business graduates of University of Punjab, the largest Public-Sector University of Provincial Capital of Pakistan. SPSS and AMOS were carried out to analyze the results and determine the impact of online reviews on hotel booking intentions. Results indicated that realism, the volume of reviews and positive reviews are the most influential dimensions of online consumer reviews. Moreover, trust act as an intervening variable between positive reviews, the volume of reviews, realism and hotel booking intentions. Empirical analysis also indicated that negative online reviews have no direct and indirect impact on hotel booking intentions of online customers. This study is an effort in proposing a combination of online consumer reviews dimensions in determining Hotel Booking Intentions

Endovascular coil embolization of ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms: Review of a 15 year single center experience in Pakistan

Objective: To assess the outcome of endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysm over 15 years.Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at the at Radiology Department of Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised medical records from April 2003 to April 2018 of patients who received endovascular treatment for intracranial aneurysm. Multiple variables reviewed included demographics, clinical presentation, aneurysm morphology, technique used, technique outcome and clinical outcome. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.Results: Of the 242 patients, 111(45.8%) were males and 131(54.1%) were female. The overall mean age was 46.3+/-13.543 years (range: 9-78years). Aneurysm size was \u3c5mm in 95(40.4%) patients, 5-10mm in 98(41.7%) and \u3e10mm in 42(17.9%) patients. Aneurysms were located in the anterior communicating artery in 93(38.4%) patients, internal carotid artery 48(19.8%) patients and posterior communicating artery 26(10.7%) patients. Patients with higher initial Hess and Hunt grade were more likely to have higher modified Rankin scale score after treatment (p=0.001). Overall, 222(91.7%) patients were treated successfully. Complications were noted in 37(15.2%) patients and 10(4.0%) patients died.Conclusions: No correlation was found between Hess and Hunt grades and aneurysm severity based on aneurysm size, neck and ruptured/unruptured cases

Impact of Ethical Leadership on Organizational Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior with Mediating role of Intrinsic Motivation

Ethical leadership in the field of organizational behavior and management has emerged as a significant area of interest in the recent leadership literature. There are, however, few studies that empirically examine the impact of ethical leadership through mediation processes on organizational engagement and citizenship actions. We have built a conceptual model to check whether ethical leadership effects the Organizational Citizenship Behaviour and commitment of organizational citizenship through the mediation of intrinsic motivation. For data collection, sample size of 340 was determined through item response theory. Data was collected through self-administrated questionnaire from different commercial banks located in geographical premises of Lahore, Pakistan. SPSS and AMOS software were used to carry out the analysis, structural equation modeling technique was applied to test the direct and indirect relationships. The results indicated that ethical leadership has a positive effect on the association of organizational commitment and citizenship behaviour within organizations. In fact, intrinsic motivation mediates between the relationship of ethical leadership and the conduct of organizational citizenship. Nevertheless, results also show that in the banking sector there is no mediating effect of intrinsic motivation between ethical leadership and organizational citizenship behaviour. Limitations have been discussed, as have future guidelines. Keywords: Ethical leadership, Organizational commitment, Organizational citizenship behavior, Intrinsic motivation, Banking sector, Pakistan   JEL Classification: M19 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.984

Association of Stress, Knowledge Management, and Change with Organizational Effectiveness in Education Sector of Pakistan

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of organizational stress, knowledge management, and organizational change on organizational effectiveness. A valid questionnaire was distributed to administrative staff and faculty members of different educational institutes. 100 questionnaires were distributed in public and private educational sectors. 75 complete questionnaires were received at response rate of 75%. A non probability random sampling technique was used to select the sample. Pearson’s moment correlation and linear regression was applied to study the relationship between organizational stress, knowledge management, organizational change and organizational effectiveness. Results show significant relationship of factors and positive impact on organizational effectiveness. This research also discusses practical implicatios and research limitations.&nbsp

Persistent neuropsychiatric symptoms after COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The nature and extent of persistent neuropsychiatric symptoms after COVID-19 are not established. To help inform mental health service planning in the pandemic recovery phase, we systematically determined the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in survivors of COVID-19. For this pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO ID CRD42021239750), we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO to 20 February 2021, plus our own curated database. We included peer-reviewed studies reporting neuropsychiatric symptoms at post-acute or later time-points after COVID-19 infection and in control groups where available. For each study, a minimum of two authors extracted summary data. For each symptom, we calculated a pooled prevalence using generalized linear mixed models. Heterogeneity was measured with I 2. Subgroup analyses were conducted for COVID-19 hospitalization, severity and duration of follow-up. From 2844 unique titles, we included 51 studies (n = 18 917 patients). The mean duration of follow-up after COVID-19 was 77 days (range 14-182 days). Study quality was most commonly moderate. The most prevalent neuropsychiatric symptom was sleep disturbance [pooled prevalence = 27.4% (95% confidence interval 21.4-34.4%)], followed by fatigue [24.4% (17.5-32.9%)], objective cognitive impairment [20.2% (10.3-35.7%)], anxiety [19.1% (13.3-26.8%)] and post-traumatic stress [15.7% (9.9-24.1%)]. Only two studies reported symptoms in control groups, both reporting higher frequencies in COVID-19 survivors versus controls. Between-study heterogeneity was high (I 2 = 79.6-98.6%). There was little or no evidence of differential symptom prevalence based on hospitalization status, severity or follow-up duration. Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common and persistent after recovery from COVID-19. The literature on longer-term consequences is still maturing but indicates a particularly high prevalence of insomnia, fatigue, cognitive impairment and anxiety disorders in the first 6 months after infection

Persistent neuropsychiatric symptoms after COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The nature and extent of persistent neuropsychiatric symptoms after COVID-19 are not established. To help inform mental health service planning in the pandemic recovery phase, we systematically determined the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in survivors of COVID-19. For this pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO ID CRD42021239750), we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO to 20 February 2021, plus our own curated database. We included peer-reviewed studies reporting neuropsychiatric symptoms at post-acute or later time-points after COVID-19 infection and in control groups where available. For each study, a minimum of two authors extracted summary data. For each symptom, we calculated a pooled prevalence using generalized linear mixed models. Heterogeneity was measured with I 2. Subgroup analyses were conducted for COVID-19 hospitalization, severity and duration of follow-up. From 2844 unique titles, we included 51 studies (n = 18 917 patients). The mean duration of follow-up after COVID-19 was 77 days (range 14-182 days). Study quality was most commonly moderate. The most prevalent neuropsychiatric symptom was sleep disturbance [pooled prevalence = 27.4% (95% confidence interval 21.4-34.4%)], followed by fatigue [24.4% (17.5-32.9%)], objective cognitive impairment [20.2% (10.3-35.7%)], anxiety [19.1% (13.3-26.8%)] and post-traumatic stress [15.7% (9.9-24.1%)]. Only two studies reported symptoms in control groups, both reporting higher frequencies in COVID-19 survivors versus controls. Between-study heterogeneity was high (I 2 = 79.6-98.6%). There was little or no evidence of differential symptom prevalence based on hospitalization status, severity or follow-up duration. Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common and persistent after recovery from COVID-19. The literature on longer-term consequences is still maturing but indicates a particularly high prevalence of insomnia, fatigue, cognitive impairment and anxiety disorders in the first 6 months after infection

A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of minocycline and/or omega-3 fatty acids added to treatment as usual for at risk Mental States: The NAYAB study.

BackgroundInflammatory mechanisms are thought to contribute to the onset of psychosis in persons with an at-risk mental state (ARMS). We investigated whether the anti-inflammatory properties of minocycline and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3), alone or synergistically, would prevent transition to psychosis in ARMS in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Pakistan.Methods10,173 help-seeking individuals aged 16-35 years were screened using the Prodromal Questionaire-16. Individuals scoring 6 and over were interviewed using the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS) to confirm ARMS. Participants (n = 326) were randomised to minocycline, omega-3, combined minocycline and omega-3 or to double placebo for 6 months. The primary outcome was transition to psychosis at 12 months.FindingsForty-five (13.8 %) participants transitioned to psychosis. The risk of transition was greater in those randomised to omega-3 alone or in combination with minocycline (17.3.%), compared to 10.4 % in those not exposed to omega-3; a risk-ratio (RR) of 1.67, 95 % CI [0.95, 2.92] p = 0.07. The RR for transitions on minocycline vs. no minocycline was 0.86, 95 % CI [0.50, 1.49] p > 0.10. In participants who did not become psychotic, CAARMS and depression symptom scores were reduced at six and twelve months (mean CAARMS difference = 1.43; 95 % CI [0.33, 1.76] p InterpretationIn keeping with other studies, omega-3 appears to have beneficial effects on ARMS and mood symptom severity but it increased transition to psychosis, which may reflect metabolic or developmental consequences of chronic poor nutrition in the population. Transition to psychosis was too rare to reveal a preventative effect of minocycline but minocycline did not improve symptom severity. ARMS symptom severity and transition to psychosis appear to have distinct pathogeneses which are differentially modulated by omega-3 supplementation.FundingThe study was funded by the Stanley Research Medical Institute