The Effect of Lumbar Erector Spinae Muscle Endurance Exercise on Perceived Low-back Pain in Older Adults

This study investigates changes in lumbar erector spinae (LES) muscle endurance, perceived low-back pain (LBP), and perceived exercise fatigue in older adults, and analyzes the trends of these changes during a 5-week lumbar exercise. Sixteen older adults with LBP were equally and randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group with incline-standing and the control group with the levelstanding positions. They were separately treated with lumbar exercise tasks and 10 seconds of muscle endurance tests using surface electromyography (sEMG). There was a trend of changes in both groups. The exercise tasks led to increase LES muscle endurance in the experimental group (53.7%) and the control group (45.4%) and decrease perceived LBP score significantly with the incline-standing position. There was no significant difference between the two groups in perceived exercise fatigue (p>0.05). Trunk flexion and extension with an incline-standing position can be an effective method to increase LES muscle endurance and reduce LBP in older adults

Intuitive Access to Smartphone Settings Using Relevance Model Trained by Contrastive Learning

The more new features that are being added to smartphones, the harder it becomes for users to find them. This is because the feature names are usually short, and there are just too many to remember. In such a case, the users may want to ask contextual queries that describe the features they are looking for, but the standard term frequency-based search cannot process them. This paper presents a novel retrieval system for mobile features that accepts intuitive and contextual search queries. We trained a relevance model via contrastive learning from a pre-trained language model to perceive the contextual relevance between query embeddings and indexed mobile features. Also, to make it run efficiently on-device using minimal resources, we applied knowledge distillation to compress the model without degrading much performance. To verify the feasibility of our method, we collected test queries and conducted comparative experiments with the currently deployed search baselines. The results show that our system outperforms the others on contextual sentence queries and even on usual keyword-based queries.Comment: 7 pages, IAAI 202

The Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire for Depression in Youth: A Cross-Cultural Perspective

© 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.We aimed to assess cross-cultural differences in depressive symptoms and the validity of the Korean version of the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ). Four hundred and sixty-four children and adolescents (aged 7–19, 278 girls) with any psychiatric diagnosis, 290 of whom had major depressive disorder, were included. The levels of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents were evaluated by children/adolescents and their parents. We conducted Pearson’s r and Cronbach’s α, confirmative factor analysis and item response theory tests. The Korean version of the MFQ demonstrated excellent criterion validity and discriminant validity. There were no cultural differences in the clinical manifestations of depression in youth from Western countries and Korea. Korean youths with depression were more likely to complain of cognitive and emotional symptoms than somatic symptoms. The Korean version of the MFQ demonstrated promising psychometric properties in a clinical sample of children and adolescents.N

Expanded Phase Model for Transformable Design in Defining Its Usage Scenarios for Merits and Demerits

The product's transformation is considered for its fascination but it is not studied for its usage scenario. This study proposes an expanded phase model that can evaluate the usefulness of transformable products from the perspective of form, function and user scenario of a transformable product. We analyzed purpose of transformation, and identified user benefits from existing transformable products. This model allows designers/team to evaluate usefulness of transformable products by comparing user benefits of the product with appropriateness of form and function in a given usage scenario. ?? The Author(s), 2022

The Design of Personal Protective Garments for Workplace: An Ergonomic Radiation Protection Design Practice

Personal protective garments are commonly used to protect workers from direct and secondary radiation in radiological workplaces. Traditionally, these garments are manufactured using heavy shielding chemical materials, such as lead or lead composite mixed with binders and additives to make lead loaded vinyl sheets. The materials used in such garments are toxic, subject to rapid decline, and cause lead poisoning and heat gain that create moisture inside the garments. These garments are heavy in weight, causing a higher risk of musculoskeletal injuries and workers??? fatigue and discomfort, which results in low productivity due to ergonomic detriment. We designed an ergonomic personal protective garment with a lightweight flexible structure and optimal shielding performance after a thorough examination of the existing safety in the workplace, worker???s tasks and exposure to radiation, and weight and type of the materials used in the existing garments. Our study suggests that a lightweight and flexible design factor that could improve workers physical activities and body movement by considering ergonomic design could increase productivity in radiological workplaces

Integrated Design Process: A Case of Recliner Design

This paper presents a design approach that uses internal functional elements as external form elements through the development of a recliner. This approach has to take more into consideration than conventional methods in the integrated design process, which allows for designing something that offers unique and distinguished implications as the principle of primary function that should be expressed in the form. This integrated approach is expected to serve as a guideline in making a new attempt to design something that removes the boundary between internal design and external design. This should be done by actively integrating the internal function component design and the external design in a product

Transformable Camping Cart Design for a Jack Company

For fuel efficiency and long-distance driving, it is important to reduce vehicle weight. This pushes car manufacturers to replace extra weighted components, such as spare tires and jacks, with light and disposable ones. However, this trend is a crisis for companies manufacturing extra components for cars. It is crucial for car manufacturing companies to find new business opportunities based on their existing technologies. This paper shows how design can contribute to new business development for a company facing such a crisis. To this end, we developed a new item for a jack manufacturer, focusing on applying the manufacturer???s proprietary technology. In the design research stage, we analyzed social trends and the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the manufacturer and its technologies. As such, we designed a deformable camping cart using the jack???s mechanism to minimize the obstacles and discomfort that campers faced during use of the camping cart. Our study suggests that design offers the capability to produce new products and the potential to create new markets for B2B suppliers with their own production technology. In addition, there is a higher possibility of design concept realization when a design project starts with existing technology than when it relies mainly on market and user research. We hope this study provides insights into new product development through a design process for B2B suppliers

CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSFORMABLE PRODUCTS BASED ON CHANGES IN PRODUCT FORM AND FUNCTION

The sentence ???form follows function??? is the best expression of the relationship between form and function of a product in modern product design. This implies that the form is essential to implement the function while it should be optimized and minimized for the function. Unlike general products, transformable products are designed with the intention to change the function and form of the product according to the situation. This paper presents the types and characteristics of transformable products determined by Phase Model we introduced. We collected 147 transformable product cases and analyzed them according to the change of functions and forms in each product. As a result, we classified the transformable products into four types: partial transformable product, multi-form product, multi-function product and full transformable product. We found that each type has unique characteristics with potential to drive innovation in product design field

Passive monitoring in the workplace: Design guidelines for self quantified employee feedback system

The use of online social networking services is considerably more accessible today due to advances in ICT in workplaces. Employees are spending more time on Internet engaging in non-work-related activities, such as maintaining personal networks, interacting with friends, streaming music and video, checking sports scores and following Web bookmarks by visiting various online social venues. As such, organizations are increasingly concerned about maintaining a stable workforce, and thus they make the use of monitoring systems. However, the current monitoring practices violate employees??? reasonable expectation of privacy, decrease self-determination and cause employees to complain and possibly increase intent to quit jobs. We present the use of passive monitoring in the workplace as a new tool to observe employees??? Internet activities with objective measures. Based on Self Quantified movement, we aim to design a system that can passively monitor employees, provide visualization feedback based on their Internet usage activities, and allow employees to understand the implications of their actions concerning the boundary between work-related and non-work related Internet activities