СТЕРЕОТИПИЗИРАНИ ПРЕТСТАВИ ЗА ЖЕНАТА ВО МАКЕДОНСКОТО ФРАЗЕОЛОШКО ТВОРЕШТВО

Bearing in mind the correlation between language and the world that surrounds us, the purpose of this paper is to illustrate certain stereotypical representations of the category of woman in the Macedonian traditional community, through an analysis of a corpus of various phraseological units (in a wider sense of the word). We are focusing on her role as wife and her behavior within the frameworks of the ideal and the realistic model of organizing relations in the traditional community. The inert character of the language makes it pliant to the survival and shifting of stereotypes, which have an impact on the shaping of the consciousness of the new generations.Имајќи ја предвид врската меѓу јазикот и светот што нè опкружува, целта на нашиот труд е да илустрира некои стереотипизирани претстави за жената во македонската традиционална заедница, а врз основа на анализа на корпус од различни фразеолошки единици (во поширока смисла на зборот). Се сосредоточуваме на нејзината улога на сопруга и на нејзиното однесување во рамките на идеалниот и реалниот модел на уредување на односите во традиционалната заедница. Инертниот карактер на јазикот е податлив за опстојување и пренесување на стереотипите кои имаат свој удел во обликувањето на свеста на новите генерации

The Impact of Laparoscopic Treated Endometrioma on the Live Birth Rate in IVF/ICSI Cycles Compared with Unexplained Infertility: A Prospective Randomized Study

BACKGROUND: It is estimated that 30–70% of patients who undergo treatment for infertility are afflicted with endometriosis. AIM: The objectives of this study are to evaluate the impact of laparoscopic treated endometrioma compared to unexplained subfertility on the live birth rate in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). METHODS: This randomized prospective study included 120 women who contacted the department of IVF in the period from 2010 to 2015. Women were divided into two groups according to the findings obtained by laparoscopy. The treated endometrioma group (n = 60) with unilateral ovarian endometriomas and the non-endometriosis group (n = 60) with unexplained infertility undergoing the first cycle of IVF-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) were included in the study. In all participants, ICSI was used and all had fresh embryo transfer per cycle. The primary outcome was to live birth. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that clinical pregnancy rates (p = 0.54) and live birth rate (p = 0.63) are similar. The preservation of a good ovarian response to stimulation by gonadotropins after laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy was presented. Laparoscopic cystectomy is followed by good IVF/ICSI outcome into the level expected in women with unexplained subfertility. CONCLUSION: Therefore, operative treatment is justified by not altering the live birth rate. Additional study is needed to be considered cystectomy before IVF as an effective approach for managing endometriosis-associated infertility

Indicators of Preeclampsia in Correlation with Maternal Cytokines in Pregnancy

Aim: the purpose of the actual study was to evaluate, in the third trimester of pregnancy, the relationship between the formation of anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine and several indicators of moderate and severe preeclampsia. Materials and methods: in the third trimester of gestation, examination of the biochemical markers of preeclampsia (PE) and maternal IL-10 levels was conducted in 100 women with pregnancies complicated by varying degrees of preeclampsia and in 100 normotensive patients, hospitalized at the University Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. Patients with preeclampsia were categorized into moderate and severe preeclampsia groups according to the degree of preeclampsia. Logistic regression of the different parameters for the occurrence of severe preeclampsia analysis was used to determine the predictive value. Results: the regression analysis detected systolic blood pressure of 160 mmHg or higher, diastolic blood pressure of 100 mmHg or higher, persistent proteinuria in pregnancy, serum LDH concentration of 450 U/L or higher, and reduced serum concentrations of IL-10 as significant predictors of severe preeclampsia. Conclusion: significantly, lower IL-10 concentrations in maternal serum in patients with severe preeclampsia in comparison with respective concentrations in patients with moderate preeclampsia can be considered as major pathognomonic laboratory sign of severe form of preeclampsia

KONCENTRACIJA JODA U MOKRAĆI: PREDSKAZATELJ POROĐAJNE TEŽINE ILI BIOLOŠKI BILJEG ZA PROCJENU JODNOG STATUSA SAMO U ZDRAVIH TRUDNICA?

Introduction: This study determined urine iodine concentration (UIC) during gestation, assessed the maternal iodine nutrition status and correlated it with gestational age at birth (GAB) and birth weight (BW).The measurement of UIC provides the best single measurement of the iodine nutritional status in population. Objective: Determination of UIC in pregnant women in North Macedonia. Methods: This prospective study assessed the iodine nutrition status during the course of pregnancy with reference of median UIC among 364 healthy pregnant women in different gestational age (in trimester and 5-week intervals). Results: The overall and the 1st to the 3rd trimester median UIC were: 183.7, 207, 189.75 and 169.28 [μg/L], respectively. The median UIC (μg/L) results according to 5-week interval in advancing gestation were: 232.34, 200.13, 152.81, 194.39, 181.28, 160.28, 169.41 and 175.24, respectively. We detected 5.22% (19/364) and 74.72% (272/364) with the median UIC < 50 μg/L and UIC ≥ 100 μg/L, respectively. In multiple regression, the median UIC (β = 0.0000767, P = 0.929) had no statistically signifi cant prediction to the GAB. Disease prevalence results for mean UIC in detecting BW had no statistical signifi cance: area under curve (AUC) = 0.521, z-statistic (0.340), sensitivity (45.83%), specifi city (66.27%), predictive (6.59%) and P value (0.734). Conclusion: Iodine status of pregnant women in our study is generally suffi cient by World Health Organization recommendations. The median UIC in each trimester and 5-week interval has statistically insignifi cant decrease in accordance to the advancing gestation. The median UIC has no signifi cance in predicting GAB and BW.Uvod: Ova je studija utvrdila koncentraciju joda u mokraći (UIC) tijekom trudnoće, procijenila prehrambeni status joda kod majke i povezala ga s gestacijskom dobi pri rođenju (GAB) i porođajnom težinom (BW). Mjerenje UIC-a omogućava najbolje pojedinačno mjerenje prehrambenog statusa joda u populaciji. Cilj: Određivanje UIC-a trudnicama u sjevernoj Makedoniji. Metode: Ova prospektivna studija procjenjivala je prehrambeni status joda tijekom trudnoće, pozivajući se na medijan UIC 364 zdrave trudnice u različitoj gestacijskoj dobi (u intervalima tromjesečja i 5 tjedana). Rezultati: Ukupna i prosječna UIC od 1. do 3. tromjesečja bila su: 183,7, 207, 189,75 i 169,28 [μg / L]. Srednji rezultati UIC (μg / L) prema intervalu od 5 tjedana u napredovanju trudnoće bili su: 232,34, 200,13, 152,81, 194,39, 181,28, 160,28, 169,41 i 175,24. Otkrili smo 5,22 % (19/364) i 74,72 % (272/364) s medijanom UIC <50 μg / L, odnosno UIC ≥ 100 μg / L. U višestrukoj regresiji, medijan UIC (β = 0,0000767, P = 0,929) nije imao statistički značajno predviđanje za GAB. Rezultati prevalencije bolesti za srednji UIC u otkrivanju BW nisu imali statističku značajnost: područje ispod krivulje (AUC) = 0,521, z-statistika (0,340), osjetljivost (45,83 %), specifi čnost (66,27 %), prediktivna (6,59 %) i P vrijednost (0,734). Zaključak: Jodni status trudnica u našem istraživanju u pravilu je dovoljan prema preporukama Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije. Medijan UIC-a u svakom tromjesečju i intervalu od 5 tjedana statistički je beznačajno smanjen u skladu s napredovanjem trudnoće. Medijan UIC nema značenje u predviđanju GAB i BW

Prediction of preterm delivery in symptomatic women using PAMG‐1, fetal fibronectin and phIGFBP‐1 tests: systematic review and meta‐analysis

Objective To assess the accuracy of placental alpha microglobulin‐1 (PAMG‐1), fetal fibronectin (fFN) and phosphorylated insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein‐1 (phIGFBP‐1) tests in predicting spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) within 7 days of testing in women with symptoms of preterm labor, through a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the literature. The test performance of each biomarker was also assessed according to pretest probability of sPTB ≤ 7 days. Methods The Cochrane, MEDLINE, PubMed and ResearchGate bibliographic databases were searched from inception until October 2017. Cohort studies that reported on the predictive accuracy of PAMG‐1, fFN and phIGFBP‐1 for the prediction of sPTB within 7 days of testing in women with symptoms of preterm labor were included. Summary receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curves and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and positive (LR+) and negative (LR–) likelihood ratios were generated using indirect methods for the calculation of pooled effect sizes with a bivariate linear mixed model for the logit of sensitivity and specificity, with each diagnostic test as a covariate, as described by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy. Results Bivariate mixed model pooled sensitivity of PAMG‐1, fFN and phIGFBP‐1 for the prediction of sPTB ≤ 7 days was 76% (95% CI, 57–89%), 58% (95% CI, 47–68%) and 93% (95% CI, 88–96%), respectively; pooled specificity was 97% (95% CI, 95–98%), 84% (95% CI, 81–87%) and 76% (95% CI, 70–80%) respectively; pooled PPV was 76.3% (95% CI, 69–84%) (P < 0.05), 34.1% (95% CI, 29–39%) and 35.2% (95% CI, 31–40%), respectively; pooled NPV was 96.6% (95% CI, 94–99%), 93.3% (95% CI, 92–95%) and 98.7% (95% CI, 98–99%), respectively; pooled LR+ was 22.51 (95% CI, 15.09–33.60) (P < 0.05), 3.63 (95% CI, 2.93–4.50) and 3.80 (95% CI, 3.11–4.66), respectively; and pooled LR– was 0.24 (95% CI, 0.12–0.48) (P < 0.05), 0.50 (95% CI, 0.39–0.64) and 0.09 (95% CI, 0.05–0.16), respectively. The areas under the ROC curves for PAMG‐1, fFN and phIGFBP‐1 for sPTB ≤ 7 days were 0.961, 0.874 and 0.801, respectively. Conclusions In the prediction of sPTB within 7 days of testing in women with signs and symptoms of PTL, the PPV of PAMG‐1 was significantly higher than that of phIGFBP‐1 or fFN. Other diagnostic accuracy measures did not differ between the three biomarker tests. As prevalence affects the predictive performance of a diagnostic test, use of a highly specific assay for a lower‐prevalence syndrome such as sPTB may optimize management

Cervical length and phosphorylated IGFBP-1 in prediction of preterm birth

Preterm birth before completed 37th gestational week is extremely important clinical problem as it produces neonatal mortality and morbidity, as well as many negative short-term and long-term consequences to newborns, especially to the extremely preterm ones. The objective of our study was to determine the relationship between cervical length (CL), phosphorylated insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (phIGFBP-1) and spontaneous preterm births

Ratio of middle cerebral artery/umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry and status of newborn in preeclampsia

Doppler velocimetry studies of placental and fetal circulation can provide important information regarding fetal well-being providing an opportunity to improve fetal outcome. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of middle cerebral to umbilical artery blood velocity waveform's systolic/diastolic ratio (MCA/UA) as a predictor of perinatal outcome in post term pregnant women

Sonographic cervical length and biochemical markers in spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) up to 14 days from sampling

Preterm delivery (PTD) before completed 37 gestational weeks, remains one of the most important clinical problems in obstetrics throughout the world, as it is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Preterm delivery exerts numerous negative long-term effects on the neonate, which is especially true for extremely preterm neonates delivered before 28 gestational weeks. But, despite numerous studies, the detailed mechanisms and biological pathways that lead to PTB still remain elusive. The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between sonographic cervical length (CL), fetal fibronectin (fFN), phosphorylated insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (phIGFBP-1), cytokines, such as interleukine-6 (IL-6), interleukine-2R (IL-2R) as well as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), and spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) up to 14 days from sampling. The studied biochemical markers in our study were only moderately successful in the prediction of preterm delivery. Further research is required in terms of the evaluation of cost-benefit of using such test to prevent subsequent unnecessary interventions in the low-risk group, as well as to achieve the benefits from such intervention in the high risk groups of patients

Twin pregnancy: a comparison study of preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes, gestational age at delivery, maternal age and length of hospital stay

To determine the difference between twin pregnancies at a single tertiary institution, in regards to preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes, gestational age at delivery, maternal age and length of hospital stay