Use of Buton Asphalt Additive on Moisture Damage Sensitivity and Rutting Performance of Asphalt Mixtures

Reducing the service life of the road pavement can be caused by weather effects in addition to increased traffic load. This study investigates the benefits of using Buton asphalt as a material additive. Buton asphalt additive by 20%, 25%, 30% and 40% is added to the bitumen pen 60/70 to get aspalt concrete wearing course (AC-WC) mixture. The evaluation has used the results of marshall standard, marshal immersion, indirect tensile strength and wheel tracking test at optimum bitumen content 5.9%. Wheel tracking test was performed on  conditions at 30 ° C and 60 ° C  of the 4000 cycle. The result in this study that, the addition of additives in the virgin asphalt has increased the softening point, lower the value of penetration, increased penetration index and lower ductility values??. Hot-mix Buton Aspalt Modified (HMBAM) have shown an increase in resistance to deformation of 1.24 times compared to Hot-mix Asphalt (HMA). Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) increased 2.6% more resistance to the effects of temperature. The addition of additive content of 25% is recommended in order to avoid reduction in ductility lower. Keywords : Asphalt concrete, rutting performance, Buton asphalt, indirect tensile strengt

Developing a Model of Toll Road Service Quality using an Artificial Neural Network Approach

Road infrastructure includes toll roads developed to support mobility and economic activity. The toll road is part of the road network and is an alternative that can save travelers time and give them better service. The level of service of the toll road is strongly connected to the level of satisfaction of toll road users; therefore, customer satisfaction needs to be included in development models. The purpose of this study was to develop a model approach to customer satisfaction using an artificial neural network (ANN). Two models of customer satisfaction, SERVQUAL and Minimum Service Standards (SPM), have been used to modify the Toll Road Service Quality (TRSQ) model. This study has been able to explain that TRSQ has a value of R2, meaning the result is better than that of the other two models. The TRSQ model itself consists of seven dimensions: information, accessibility, reliability, mobility, security, rest areas, and responsiveness. Reliability is the dimension with the greatest effect on customer satisfaction

Modal Competition for Freight in Land Transportation on Jakarta-Surabaya corridor

As a part of a set of research studies about the railways transport in Indonesia, we propose this results advancement. Nowadays, the freight railways system in Indonesia suffers a complex and an apparently not easy to solve situation. The freight service is in constant degradation and it lost demand progressively, more the new highways development plans threat to increase the attractively of road transport in detriment of railways. The identifications of the structural problems will let us to propose aimed and precisely solutions to broke the current vicious circle of the freight railways system. Our analysis is supported by questionnaires applied to 93 forwarders/shippers in 186 opinions that usually contract freight transport services on the link. Each forwarder answered the same questions about his/her preferences for rail and for road freight services. We analyzed this data by the Logit model to identify the “factors of service” or variables which influence the decision of forwarders/shippers in the most important way. The results show clearly the relative importance of some railways “factors and service” in function with the others for the same mode, as well as their relative influence for the modal decision compared with the road freight transports. This paper aims to identify the structural problems of the freight railways service of “KERETA API” in the Java Island, especially between the cities of Jakarta and Surabaya which are the most important city in Indonesia. Key words: Indonesia railway development, modal competition, freight transportation, modal choic

TOLERANCE LIMIT FOR TRUCKS WITH EXCESS LOAD IN TRANSPORT REGULATION IN INDONESIA

Reliability of a road is mandatory since damaged will impede the traffic. Destruction is caused by various factors; one of the most important factors is excess load. Overload may give the load of each axle of a vehicle exceeds the determined standard. This condition occurs in trucks exceeding the load limit. In designing the structure of a road based on the method of Directorate General of Highways Ministry of Public Works of the Republic of Indonesia, axle load calculated in equivalent-number, or known as equivalent axle load (EAL), of 8.16 tons of standard axle. Total equivalent-number over the service life is defined as cumulative equivalent standard axle load (CESA). Due to traffic volume exceeding the volume forecast or, in other words there is an excessive load of traffic, it will make CESA achieved faster than planned. This excessive load in Indonesia, however, has been  considered as a factor of environmental condition, so there is a need to introduce a correction factor for EAL as high as 20-25% in the process of designing flexible and rigid pavement so as to reduce early damage.Keywords: equivalent axle, excessive load, pavement, truck

Intercity Mode Choice Modelling: Considering the Intracity Transport Systems with Application to the Jakarta-Bandung Corridor

The choice among modes of intercity transport depends on conditions of not only intercity transport modes but also intracity transport in both the departure city and the arrival city. Intracity transport conditions might be advantageous for one intercity mode and disadvantageous for others. Intercity and intracity transport conditions are complex and need to be approached systemically. This study proposes an approach based on the passengers’ preferences. The logit model was adapted to evaluate the transport modes’ choices in competition. This model is called the “Adapted Mixed Multinomial Logit Model” (AMML). It was applied on the Jakarta-Bandung corridor in both directions. It contributes to a complete approach for intercity transport mode choice by considering the influence of the intracity transport conditions in both the departure and arrival cities. The results proved that the choice of intercity transport mode depends not only on its own quality of service but also, importantly, on that of the intracity transport systems

Evaluation of the addition of short coconut fibers on the characteristics of asphalt mixtures

The damage path beginning at the surface layers of the failure receives the load of the traffic and a change in temperature of 20-50 °C. Structural changes in the asphalt mixture cause an increase in the temperature of the surface of the road, approaching the softening point of asphalt. Short coconut fibers are waste from coconut processing, with a length of 5-12.5 mm. The addition of 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 1.25%, and 1.50% coconut fiber changed the characteristics of the asphalt. The fiber size was varied (5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5 mm) to determine its effect on the asphalt characteristics. The fiber size variation was also conducted to determine its effect on the asphalt-aggregate mixture at 60 °C using the Marshall immersion test. The addition of 0.75% 5-mm fibers by weight of the asphalt increased the value of the Marshall stability by 10-15% and produced a lower penetration-grade bitumen. The temperature of the mixing fibers in the asphalt must be below the flash point of the fibers during the heating of the asphalt-fiber mixture. Keywords: coconut fiber, temperature, resilient modulus, asphalt mixtures, Marshall tes

The influence of reclaimed asphalt pavement in warm mix asphalt on asphalt concrete binder course with Retona Blend 55

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) comprises removed pavement materials containing high-quality aggregates and asphalt which can be recycled as materials for new pavement construction. It is removed continually for reconstruction, resurfacing, and maintenance purposes, and if not recycled will become waste. This paper determines the influence of using different RAP percentages and asphalt content in warm mix asphalt on the Marshall test results for asphalt concrete binder course (AC-BC) using Retona Blend 55. The percentages of RAP are determined by analyzing the gradation of the existing aggregates in RAP and adding virgin aggregates so that it meets the standard gradation for AC-BC specified by the Ministry of Public Works and Housing. The RAP percentages in the asphalt mixes in this study are 35%, 45%, and 51.55% of total aggregates, while the asphalt contents are 5%, 6%, and 7% of the total mix. To determine the influence of RAP percentage and asphalt content, and to discover if there is any influence from the interaction between these two factors, the analysis is performed using a factorial design. The results of this study show that variation in RAP percentages in the mix has no significant influence on stability, flow, and Marshall quotient, but there is significant influence on void in mineral aggregates (VMA), void in mix (VIM), and void filled with asphalt (VFA). Correlations of 97.5%, 80%, and 95.1%, respectively show that increase in RAP percentage increases VMA and VIM and decreases VFA. The interaction between RAP percentage and asphalt content has no significant influence on Marshall test results

Characteristics Buton Natural Asphalt-Rubber (BNA-R) on the Performance Improvement of Warm Mix Asphalt Using Natural Zeolite

The decrease in the ability of service of pavement can be caused by the durability factor in the pavement layer in receiving heavy traffic load and the temperature of the pavement. Permanent deformation is one of the criteria of failure of asphalt mixture. Performance assessment of the asphalt mixture can be observed from the rheological properties of asphalt binder. The use of BNA-R in this study is intended to modify the characteristics of bitumen penetration grade 60 / 70 used in warm mix asphalt. Warm mix asphalt with lower temperatures of mixing and compaction than conventional asphalt mixtures was chosen because it is more environmentally friendly. To reduce the temperature in this warm asphalt technology is achieved by using natural zeolite. Both of these materials are local materials that are widely available in Indonesia. The rheology of asphalt 60/70 modified with BNA-R indicates that the addition of BNA-R in the base asphalt increase the complex modulus value and decrease the phase angle value. These values were related to the performance of mixture in the permanent deformation criteria. Reducing the temperature of mixing and compaction should be balanced with modifying the asphalt binder used. Rutting due to permanent deformation can resulted in inconvenience to the passengers and can lead to high costs of road maintenance. To determine the permanent deformation of asphalt mix with material combinations was performed through the wheel tracking test machine with 3,780 cycles for 3 hours. The results shows that after test track over 7 thousand passes have seen permanent deformation characteristics of asphalt concrete mixture with a variation of the characteristics of bitumen

Characteristics Buton Natural Asphalt-Rubber (BNA-R) on the Performance Improvement of Warm Mix Asphalt Using Natural Zeolite

The decrease in the ability of service of pavement can be caused by the durability factor in the pavement layer in receiving heavy traffic load and the temperature of the pavement. Permanent deformation is one of the criteria of failure of asphalt mixture. Performance assessment of the asphalt mixture can be observed from the rheological properties of asphalt binder. The use of BNA-R in this study is intended to modify the characteristics of bitumen penetration grade 60 / 70 used in warm mix asphalt. Warm mix asphalt with lower temperatures of mixing and compaction than conventional asphalt mixtures was chosen because it is more environmentally friendly. To reduce the temperature in this warm asphalt technology is achieved by using natural zeolite. Both of these materials are local materials that are widely available in Indonesia. The rheology of asphalt 60/70 modified with BNA-R indicates that the addition of BNA-R in the base asphalt increase the complex modulus value and decrease the phase angle value. These values were related to the performance of mixture in the permanent deformation criteria. Reducing the temperature of mixing and compaction should be balanced with modifying the asphalt binder used. Rutting due to permanent deformation can resulted in inconvenience to the passengers and can lead to high costs of road maintenance. To determine the permanent deformation of asphalt mix with material combinations was performed through the wheel tracking test machine with 3,780 cycles for 3 hours. The results shows that after test track over 7 thousand passes have seen permanent deformation characteristics of asphalt concrete mixture with a variation of the characteristics of bitumen