Effect of health capital on the economic growth process of Iranian provinces using generalized method of moments approach

Many studies have been conducted on the relationship between education as an indicator of human capital and economic growth in our country. However, there have been a few studies regarding the simultaneous impact of health capital and education indicators on the economic growth of the provinces up to now. In this regard, the present study examined the impact of human health indicators and educational expenditures on the economic growth of the provinces of Iran. In this study, the dynamic effect of health capital indicators and educational expenditure along with the performance of the capital assets ownership on the growth of the economies was examined using the panel data obtained from the provinces during the years 2005-2015 by employing the generalized method of moments. The study results indicate that the fertility rate with a coefficient of 0.39, life expectancy with a coefficient of 0.202, and growth of household health expenditures with a coefficient of 0.045 had a positive effect on the economic growth of the provinces. However, the mortality rate with a coefficient of 0.203 had a significant negative effect on the provinces economic growth during the years under study. It was also found that educational expenditures growth and performance of capital assets ownership had a significant positive effect on the economic growth of the provinces. The health capital and its indicators are a long-term investment that should be considered as an important priority by the policymakers of the country and provinces

Does high-dose metformin cause lactic acidosis in type 2 diabetic patients after CABG surgery? A double blind randomized clinical trial

Metformin is a dimethyl biguanide oral anti-hyperglycemic agent. Lactic acidosis due to metformin is a fatal metabolic condition that limits its use in patients in poor clinical condition, consequently reducing the number of patients who benefit from this medication. In a double blind randomized clinical trial, we investigated 200 type 2 diabetic patients after coronary artery bypass surgery in the open heart ICU of the Mazandaran Heart Center, and randomly assigned them to equal intervention and control groups. The intervention group received regular insulin infusion along with 2 metformin 500 mg tablets every twelve hours, while the control group received only intravenous insulin with 2 placebo tablets every twelve hours. Lactate level, pH, base excess, blood glucose and serum creatinine were measured over five 12 h periods, with data averaged for each period. The primary outcome in this study was high lactate levels. Comparison between the 2 groups was made by independent Student’s t-test. To compare changes in multiple measures in each group and analysis of group interaction, a repeated measurement ANOVA test was used

Avicenna's Views on "Mohakat" in Painting

"Mohakat" (Muḥākāt) is a central concept in Avicenna's thoughts on art. He uses this term as a translation for Aristotelian "mimesis". Since there have been different conceptions about Mohakat, or representation, in the history of thought, it should be questioned that what Mohakat means in painting according to Avicenna's views. In studies about the aesthetics of Avicenna, poetry and music have been much considered, but Avicenna's views on painting have not been much noticed in the literature. The present research, therefore, seeks to provide a clear account of Avicenna's views on the concept and the meaning of Mohakat in painting, and in other words, to determine the characteristic features of Mohakat in painting according to his views. It is tried to answer this question by examining Avicenna's scattered words about painting. In this study, the aesthetic views of Avicenna on Mohakat are summarized in three general themes. The nature of Mohakat in painting is examined in the first part, the sub-queries of which are as follows: is the meaning of Mohakat pure and complete imitation, or is this kind of representation compatible with innovation? What are the cases of Mohakat, and in other words, what kinds of objects are represented in a painting? Does the painter merely represent the existing things, or he/she can deal with things that are not actual existing only in his mind? Does the painter only represent the surfaces of the things, or can he/she represent the inner qualities of the subject? What is the relation of Mohakat in painting with that in such other arts as poetry and music? The second part addresses the pleasure of Mohakat. This aesthetic pleasure is considered about both the artist and the audience. It should be inquired that are there any differences between the pleasure of the Mohakat in painting and that in the other arts? Is this pleasure dedicated to humans, or other beings can also benefit from it? The third part discusses the epistemic role of the Mohakat in painting. Is the picture necessarily true, in the sense that it should correspond to an actual object, or may it offer a non-correspondent knowledge to the audience? If so, how does it influence the audience' soul? Finally, can a painting be a good medium for transferring knowledge? And in this case, what is the characteristic features of it? In this research, it has been attempted to respond to above questions using library resources, mainly Avicenna's works, specially his scattered words about painting. Avicenna believes that the work of a poet resembles that of a painter, both imitate something. He defines Mohakat as "presenting something similar to something else, but not the thing itself." Nevertheless, he believes that Mohakat in painting does not imply mere imitation of a model. Mohakat in painting is not merely the imitation of existing objects, and it is not necessary for the painter to make use of a model that presents in the outside world, that is, Mohakat in painting is not merely an imitation of outward appearance. In other words, the painter can portray, in addition to the outward appearance of someone, his/her inward states. Considering the relation that Avicenna has made between the kind of Mohakat in poetry and painting, it can be concluded that from his point of view, imagination has an important role in the definition of painting. Avicenna describes imitated painted forms as "pleasurable" and "delightful", and regards the ability of imitating things as one of the aspects of human superiority over animals. He emphasizes that the pleasure of Mohakat is not purely sensual pleasure and dedicated to it, rather, it is a mental pleasure and depends on the rational faculty. The audience of a painting is enjoying two things: first, the picture itself in terms of its quality and status, and the like. It seems that, according to amodern interpretation, it may imply color, composition, and formal features of the image. But on the second level, the thing that completes the pleasure is to understand that the image is an imitation of something else. Avicenna believes that the pleasure of painting is so great that it is more enjoyable to see a painting of an object than the object itself. There is also a kind of pictorial Mohakat in the music. From his point of view, Mohakat in the painting is not necessarily true or false. Truth and falsehood in painting is beyond logical truth and falsehood. Avicenna believes that painting can make people charmed and fascinated, and engage the mind of human beings. Also, Mohakat in painting can be a means of expressing rational meanings in sensible language using a coded form

Aloe vera gel: Effective Therapeutic agent against Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Tehran-Iran

Aloe vera, as a traditional folk medicine plant, is used for its curative and therapeutic properties. In the current study, attempts were made to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activity of A. vera gel against Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infection. A total of 150 E. coli isolates were recovered from urine samples between July 2015 and September 2015. Extended-spectrum ²-lactamase (ESBL) screening in Escherichia coli isolates was on the basis of double disc synergy tests and combined disk diffusion test. Epsilometer test was performed to determine susceptibilities of E. coli isolates to 13 antimicrobial agents. Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) production was detected by performing combined disc test. Also, the micro broth dilution method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of A. vera gel against E. coli isolates.In the present study, out of 150 E. coli isolates, 110 (73.3%) were confirmed as ESBL. MBL screening, using phenotypic methods, indicated that 33 (22%) isolates were positive. The antibiogram revealed that 148 isolates (98.7%) were multi drug resistance E. coli strains. The coexistences of ESBL and MBL were found in 15 isolates (10%). All of ESBL and MBL E. coli strains were inhibited by ethanol extract of A. vera gel at minimum inhibitory concentration £200 µg/ml. More than half of the tested isolates (53.3%) were inhibited by concentrations that did not exceed 50 µg/ml for ethanol extract from A. vera gel.The results of the present study highlighted that A. vera gel, at various concentrations, could be used as an antibacterial agent for treatment and prevention of UTIs

Biosorption Of Iron From Aqueous Solution By Dried Biomass Of Activated Sludge

This study was conducted to investigate the removal of iron by dried biomass of activated sludge. Dried activated sludge, prepared as a powder, was tested as a sorbent for the removal of iron from aqueous solutions. The effects of various experimental parameters including initial iron concentration, mass of biomass and contact time were examined and optimal experimental conditions were obtained. The equilibrium time for iron adsorption onto biomass was determined as 150 min. The rate of iron removal was directly correlated to biomass amount and contact time. Increasing contact time from 0.5h to 2.5h resulted in 25% improvement in iron removal efficiency. When the weight of the biomass increased from 0.1g to 0.9 g, the iron removal efficiency increased from 62% to 95%. High initial iron concentration had an adverse effect on iron removal efficiency. Increasing initial iron concentration from 2 to 10 (mg/L) caused declining the iron removal efficiency from 70% to 56%. Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Temkin isotherm models could describe the adsorption equilibrium of the iron onto the activated sludge. Meanwhile, Freundlich isotherm represented a better correlation compared to other isotherms (R2 < 0.999). Also Elovich kinetic models fits well with experimental data (R2<0.997)

Aloe vera gel: Effective Therapeutic agent against ExtendedSpectrum β-lactamase Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Tehran-Iran

Aloe vera, as a traditional folk medicine plant, is used for its curative and therapeutic properties. In the current study, attempts were made to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activity of A. vera gel against Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infection. A total of 150 E. coli isolates were recovered from urine samples between July 2015 and September 2015. Extended-spectrum ²-lactamase (ESBL) screening in Escherichia coli isolates was on the basis of double disc synergy tests and combined disk diffusion test. Epsilometer test was performed to determine susceptibilities of E. coli isolates to 13 antimicrobial agents. Metallobeta-lactamase (MBL) production was detected by performing combined disc test. Also, the micro broth dilution method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of A. vera gel against E. coli isolates.In the present study, out of 150 E. coli isolates, 110 (73.3%) were confirmed as ESBL. MBL screening, using phenotypic methods, indicated that 33 (22%) isolates were positive. The antibiogram revealed that 148 isolates (98.7%) were multi drug resistance E. coli strains. The coexistences of ESBL and MBL were found in 15 isolates (10%). All of ESBL and MBL E. coli strains were inhibited by ethanol extract of A. vera gel at minimum inhibitory concentration £200 µg/ml. More than half of the tested isolates (53.3%) were inhibited by concentrations that did not exceed 50 µg/ml for ethanol extract from A. vera gel.The results of the present study highlighted that A. vera gel, at various concentrations, could be used as an antibacterial agent for treatment and prevention of UTIs

Small and the Early Return Enterprises and Effective Factors in Their Success

ABSTRACT In this study we are trying examine effective factors in the success of small enterprises in 3 cases: A: characteristics of entrepreneur (entrepreneurship skills and education). B: features of enterprise (size of enterprise and connection to capital resources) C: Business environment (market and technology conditions) In this research we have selected descriptive -analytical method. The study population are consisted all the owners of small enterprises (10-49 employees) in Guilan province. Total number of small businesses was 410 businesses in Guilan province. By using formula sampling for limited population was selected the total number of sample 158 (small enterprises owner). Results obtained from analysis of data from questionnaires distributed (through Chi square test and analysis of variance), showed that entrepreneurial skills, enterprises size, degree of dependence on sources of capital, market conditions and technology of small enterprises (as independent variables) affect in success of these enterprises. The results showed that education (independent variables) and success of small enterprises, there isn&apos;t significant relationship