34 research outputs found
Neutron and hard X-ray scattering investigation of the structural ordering properties of YBa_2Cu_3O_6_._5
SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:D199186 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
Superconducting coincidence photon detector with short timing jitter
We demonstrate the operation of a coincidence photon detector with a short timing jitter consisting of two superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SSPDs) and a single flux quantum (SFQ) circuit. By utilizing the timing discrimination capability of the SFQ coincidence circuit, the full width at half maximum timing jitter of the entire coincidence photon detector was evaluated as 32.3 ps, which is 36 ps less than that of the standard commercial time correlated single photon counting module, and the timing jitter of the SSPD was estimated as âŒ15 ps. Owing to the short timing jitter characteristics, our coincidence photon detector could correctly capture the effect of pulse-width broadening by insertion of an optical bandpass filter. We have also demonstrated that our coincidence photon detection clearly shows Hong-Ou-Mandel interference with a weak coherent pulse. These results are a crucial step to realizing high timing resolution coincidence measurements, ushering in a technology for timing measurement based multi-photon quantum interference
Experimental investigations of oxygen ordering and atomic displacements in the Ortho-II phase of YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>6</sub><sub>.</sub><sub>5</sub> by neutron and synchrotron x-ray diffraction
Estimating Rainfall Recharge and Soil Water Residence Times in Pukekohe, New Zealand, by Combining Geophysical, Chemical, and Isotopic Methods
Testing the phenotypic gambit: phenotypic, genetic and environmental correlations of colour
Evolutionary theory is primarily concerned with genetic processes, yet empirical testing of this theory often involves data collected on phenotypes. To make this tenable, the implicit assumption is often made that phenotypic patterns are good predictors of genetic patterns; an assumption that coined the phenotypic gambit. Although this assumption has been validated for traits with high heritability, such as morphology, its generality for traits with low heritabilities, such as lifeâhistory and behavioural traits, remains controversial. Using a largeâscale crossâfostering experiment, we were able to measure genetic, common environmental and phenotypic correlations between four colour traits and two skeletal traits in a wild population of passerine birds, the blue tit (Parus caeruleus). Colour traits had little heritable variation but common environment effects were found to be important; skeletal traits showed the opposite pattern. Positive correlations because of a shared natal environment were found between all traits, obscuring negative genetic correlations between some colour and skeletal traits. Consequently, phenotypic patterns were poor surrogates for genetic patterns and we suggest that this may be common if tradeâoffs or substantial parental effects exist. For this group of traits, the phenotypic gambit cannot be made and we suggest caution when inferring genetic patterns from phenotypic data, especially for behavioural and lifeâhistory traits