UV-C treatment of soymilk in coiled tube UV reactors for inactivation of Escherichia coli W1485 and Bacillus cereus endospores

Coiled tube UV reactors were used to investigate the influence of tube diameter (1.6 mmID, and 3.2 mmID) and Reynolds number (Re) to inactivate Escherichia coli W1485 and Bacillus cereus spores in raw soymilk (RSM). Four levels of Re (343, 686, 1029 and 1372) were tested in RSM inoculated separately with each bacterium and treated in the UV reactors at a constant residence time of 11.3 s with UV-C dose of 11.187 mJ/ cm2 at 253.7 nm. Inactivation efficiency of both microorganisms increased with Re. Maximumreductions of 5.6 log10 CFU/ml of E. coli and 3.29 log10 CFU/ml of B. cereus spores were achieved in the 1.6 mm ID UV reactor. Inactivation efficiency was higher in the 1.6 mm ID UV reactor than the 3.2 mm ID UV reactor for both the organisms. Effect of UV-C light on lipid oxidation of untreated RSM, measured as malondialdehyde and other reactive substances (MORS) content, was much higher (95 nmol/ml) than the UV-treated (58 nmol/ml) and thermally pasteurized (55 nmol/ml) RSM during the storage period of 7 days. The UV-C treatment can be effectively used for reducing E. coli cells and B. cereus spores in soymilk without compromising its quality

The Evolving Research Library: Responsive Organizational Change

Citation: Goetsch, L., Haddock, M., & Stockham, M. (2017). The Evolving Research Library: Responsive Organizational Change. Library Leadership & Management, 31(2).Because of the pace of change in library environments, the organization is continuously evolving and the days of having a structure etched in stone are gone. Kansas State University Libraries engaged in a major organizational restructuring in 2009-2010 and, based on studies and assessments, two smaller but significant changes again in 2015. To assess and redesign the organization, analysis of new and emerging work, staff resources, budget, and space were critical, but the important constant was library users and meeting their needs. This article outlines development of the structural reorganizations, issues encountered during the changes, examples of task force work, lessons learned about process and outcomes, and resulting changes that were made

Sensitivity to reward and punishment: Associations with diet, alcohol consumption, and smoking

This study examined whether sensitivity to reward predicts a range of potentially health-damaging behaviours. Secondary objectives were to explore the relationship between these behaviours and sensitivity to punishment. Sensitivity to reward and punishment were assessed among 184 individuals using questionnaire measures of Behavioural Approach System (BAS) and Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) sensitivity. Participants also completed a food frequency questionnaire and measures of alcohol consumption and smoking. Higher BAS sensitivity predicted higher fat intake, higher alcohol consumption, greater likelihood of binge drinking, greater likelihood of being a smoker and, amongst smokers, smoking frequency. Higher BIS sensitivity predicted lower alcohol consumption but higher sugar intake. Thus, sensitivity to reward appears to be a risk factor for lifestyle behaviours that contribute to poor health. Whilst BIS sensitivity seems to offer some protection with respect to alcohol intake, the results suggest that this does not extend to health-related behaviours, in which the negative consequences may be less immediate. Instead, BIS sensitivity predicted higher sugar intake. This is consistent with the view that BIS sensitivity leads to higher anxiety, which individuals may attempt to regulate by indulging in sugary foods

Impact of UV-C processing of raw cow milk treated in a continuous flow coiled tube ultraviolet reactor

Raw cow milk (RCM) was treated in a continuous flow coiled tube ultraviolet reactor at the Reynolds number (Re) of 713 for a residence time of 17 s with cumulative UV-C dose of 16.822 mJ/cm2.  SPC in RCM was reduced by 2.3logs at these conditions.  Sensory analysis of milk samples was conducted using triangle test.  UV-C treated RCM and untreated RCM was compared with the fresh RCM (control) using triangle test method of olfactory sensory analysis right after the UV treatment and during storage periods (1, 3, 7 d) at 4℃.  There were no significant differences among the odor of UV-light-treated, untreated, and control, right after the UV treatment.  Perceivable change in the odor of UV-treated and untreated RCM compared to the fresh RCM was observed on the 3rd and 7th days after treatment.  There was no significant difference between the malondialdehyde and other reactive substances (MORS) content in untreated and fresh milk right after the treatment and during storage.  Lipid oxidation products content of UV-treated RCM was significantly higher than that of the fresh or untreated RCM.Keywords: raw cow milk, ultraviolet processing, UV-C treatment, sensory test, lipid oxidation substance

On the attitudinal consequences of being mindful: Links between mindfulness and attitudinal ambivalence

ArticleThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from SAGE Publications via the DOI in this record.A series of studies examined whether mindfulness is associated with the experience of attitudinal ambivalence. Studies 1A and 1B found that mindful individuals expressed greater comfort holding ambivalent views and reported feeling ambivalent less often. More mindful individuals also responded more positively to feelings of uncertainty (as assessed in Study 1B). Study 2 replicated these effects and demonstrated that mindful individuals had lower objective and subjective ambivalence across a range of attitude objects but did not differ in attitude valence, extremity, positivity/negativity, strength, or the need to evaluate. Study 3 showed that the link between greater ambivalence and negative affect was buffered by mindfulness, such that there was no link between the amount of ambivalence and negative affect among more mindful individuals. The results are discussed with respect to the benefits of mindfulness in relation to ambivalence and affect.Parts of this article were funded by a Leverhulme Trust Research Project Grant awarded to the first author

Performance of coiled tube ultraviolet reactors to inactivate Escherichia coli W1485 and Bacillus cereus endospores in raw cow milk and commercially processed skimmed cow milk

Two coiled tube reactors were designed to investigate the influence of Reynolds number (Re) and diameter of fluid carrying tube on UV-C inactivation of Escherichia coli W1485 and Bacillus cereus endospores in raw cow milk (RCM) and skimmed cow milk (SCM) at room temperature. UV reactors were constructed using perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) tubing having internal diameters of 1.6 and 3.2 mm and each had a residence time of 11.3 s. Four levels of Re were tested for each milk type, each tube size and each bacteria type. Inactivation efficiency increased as the Re increased in both the reactors for both types of milk. The inactivation of both bacteria was higher in the 1.6 mm UV reactor than the 3.2 mm UV reactor. Maximum reduction of 7.8 log10 CFU/ml of E. coli was achieved in SCM in the 1.6 mm UV reactor corresponding to the Re of 532 and higher, whereas the maximum reduction of E. coli in RCM was 4.1 log10 CFU/ml at the highest level of Re (713) tested. For B. cereus, the maximum reduction was 2.72 log10 CFU/ml in 1.6 UV reactor, in SCM at Re of 1024; whereas the maximum reduction of B. cereus in RCM was 2.65 log10 CFU/ml at Re value of 713. Inactivation efficiency of both bacteria was more in SCM than RCM. The coiled tube reactor design provided adequate mixing and UV-C dosage for efficient disinfection of E. coli cells in milk

Light and Vision in the Deep-Sea Benthos: I. Bioluminescence at 500-1000 m Depth in the Bahamian Islands

Bioluminescence is common and well studied in mesopelagic species. However, the extent of bioluminescence in benthic sites of similar depths is far less studied, although the relatively large eyes of benthic fish, crustaceans and cephalopods at bathyal depths suggest the presence of significant biogenic light. Using the Johnson-Sea-Link submersible, we collected numerous species of cnidarians, echinoderms, crustaceans, cephalopods and sponges, as well as one annelid from three sites in the northern Bahamas (500–1000 m depth). Using mechanical and chemical stimulation, we tested the collected species for light emission, and photographed and measured the spectra of the emitted light. In addition, in situ intensified video and still photos were taken of different benthic habitats. Surprisingly, bioluminescence in benthic animals at these sites was far less common than in mesopelagic animals from similar depths, with less than 20% of the collected species emitting light. Bioluminescent taxa comprised two species of anemone (Actinaria), a new genus and species of flabellate Parazoanthidae (formerly Gerardia sp.) (Zoanthidea), three sea pens (Pennatulacea), three bamboo corals (Alcyonacea), the chrysogorgiid coral Chrysogorgia desbonni (Alcyonacea), the caridean shrimp Parapandalus sp. and Heterocarpus ensifer (Decapoda), two holothuroids (Elasipodida and Aspidochirota) and the ophiuroid Ophiochiton ternispinus (Ophiurida). Except for the ophiuroid and the two shrimp, which emitted blue light (peak wavelengths 470 and 455 nm), all the species produced greener light than that measured in most mesopelagic taxa, with the emissions of the pennatulaceans being strongly shifted towards longer wavelengths. In situ observations suggested that bioluminescence associated with these sites was due primarily to light emitted by bioluminescent planktonic species as they struck filter feeders that extended into the water column

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement in paediatric Crohn's disease patients contributes to both improved nutrition and growth

Aim: This paper describes the outcomes of gastrostomy feeding in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Methods: Patients with CD who attended the Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, and received gastrostomy feeding for at least two years between 2003-2010, were identified from the clinical database. The data recorded included the anthropometric data, CD phenotype, the surgical technique that was used, complications, medication, feed type, median feed, calories, volume and clinical outcomes. Results: The study identified 16 patients (14 male) who had a gastrostomy inserted using a pull technique at a median age of 12.6 years at. Of these two required laparoscopic placement. Short-term complications lasting less than one month were experienced by nine (56%) patients and one (6%) experienced long-term complications. Anthropometry significantly improved at follow up compared to baseline: at 12 months the body mass index z-score was 1.11 (p=0.005) and the weight z-score was 0.19 (p<0.05). At 24 months the height z-score was -1.03 (p=0.04). The daily median volume and calories from feeds increased significantly from baseline to post PEG insertion, from 400-738ml and 705 to 860kcal/day (p< =0.01). Conclusion: Gastrostomy feeding for paediatric patients with CD was associated with improved nutrition, weight gain and growth outcomes

Telephone administered cognitive behaviour therapy for treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder: randomised controlled non-inferiority trial

This is a freely-available open access publication. Please cite the published version which is available via the DOI link in this record.To compare the effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy delivered by telephone with the same therapy given face to face in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder.NHS Executive North West (Research and Development Fund