GEOMATICS APPROACH FOR URBAN EXTENSION MANAGEMENT CAUGHT BETWEEN PLANNING TOOLS AND REALITY ON THE GROUND, CASE OF THE DISTRICT OF BISKRA (ALGERIA)

Biskra city, the administrative center of the Biskra region (wilaya), has poor potential in terms of urban space development; and this is strongly linked to the unfavorable characteristics of the soil with specific geographical features (soil collapse) which prohibits the vertical extension and imposes an urban development horizontal. The incoherence between the urban planning of Saharan cities with a proactive urbanism and the spatial dynamics that obeys other socio-economic factors and financial stakes, due in part to the absence of a prospective vision that It is based on the real needs of an urbanizable space over time, and on the other hand with a reliable spatial analysis allowing an objective diagnosis of the urban space. In view of the large number of variables and their spatiotemporal combination, it is necessary to use geomatics techniques for accurate spatial analysis and sustainable planning. This research work integrates with the results obtained by the geomatic approach compared to conventional land use planning and development master plans (P.D.A.U) which are always outdated even before their approval

Spatialization of water erosion using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method in the high valley of the Medjerda, eastern Algeria

The present study tries to quantify soil losses using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in the Medjerda watershed (Algerian-Tunisian border). The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used in the quantification of erosion qualitative characteristics, through its weighting. It is used for many problems requiring decision-making. This catchment area is characterized by moderately consistent lithology, irregular rainfall, medium slope and low vegetation cover, which makes it very sensitive to erosion. Therefore we claim to develop a spatialization map of vulnerable areas, based on analytic hierarchy process and GIS that define the combination of specific factors. The integration of the thematic maps of the various factors makes it possible to identify the impact of each factor in the erosion, to classify the sensitive zones, and to quantify the soil losses in the basin. This mapping will be an important tool for land use planning and risk management. From the distribution map of erosive hazards, we have identified four classes of vulnerability, areas with very high to high vulnerability are mainly in the northern part of the watershed (where the relief is very important)

FLOOD HAZARD MAP IN THE CITY OF BATNA (ALGERIA) BY HYDRAULIC MODELING APPROCH

In the light of the global climatic changes that appear to influence the frequency and the intensity of floods, and whose damages are still growing; understanding the hydrological processes, their spatiotemporal setting and their extreme shape, became a paramount concern to local communities in forecasting terms. The aim of this study is to map the floods hazard using a hydraulic modeling method. In fact, using the operating Geographic Information System (GIS), would allow us to perform a more detailed spatial analysis about the extent of the flooding risk, through the approval of the hydraulic modeling programs in different frequencies. Based on the results of this analysis, decision makers can implement a strategy of risk management related to rivers overflowing through the city of Batna

ESTIMATION AND MAPPING OF EXTREME RAINFALL IN THE CATCHMENT AREA OF BATNA (ALGERIA)

Statistical estimation of rainfall associated with extreme events is of major interest for hydrologists in terms of risk prevention. Comprehending the spatial distribution of extreme rainfalls that cover the entire catchment area, the impluvium, of Batna, requires as a first step a frequency analysis of annual maximum daily rainfall time series with the application of empirical distributions, namely the GEV distribution, the Gumbel distribution and the log-normal distribution. This has allowed us to estimate the quantiles of extreme rainfall with return periods of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 years for ten rainfall stations. Subsequently, this has allowed us to map the quantiles matching the centennial return period using three types of interpolations

Contribution of Landsat 8 data for the estimation of land surface temperature in Batna city, Eastern Algeria

In this study, we presented a mono-window (MW) algorithm for land surface temperature retrieval from Landsat 8 TIRS. MW needs spectral radiance and emissivity of thermal infrared bands as input for deriving LST. The spectral radiance was estimated using band 10, and the surface emissivity value was derived with the help of NDVI and vegetation proportion parameters for which OLI bands 5 and 4 were used. The results in comparison with MODIS (MOD11A1) products indicated that the proposed algorithm is capable of retrieving accurate LST values, with a correlation coefficient of 0.850. The industrial area, public facilities and military area show higher surface temperature (more than 37 °C) in comparison with adjoining areas, while the green spaces in urban areas (34 °C) and forests (29 °C) were the cooler part of the city. These successful results obtained in the study could be used as an efficient method for the environmental impact assessment

ANALYSIS OF URBAN SPRAWL PHENOMENON IN BATNA CITY (ALGERIA) BY REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUE

Define Batna city, define its outlines and follow the spatio-temporal evolution is one of the complex problems. Urban sprawl, that rapid urbanization is the occupancy factor of soil changes, generally irreversible. His study in a medium-sized city is an important issue that requires monitoring and detailed analysis. Our approach includes the use of remotely sensed images to evaluate and qualify urban sprawl in Batna. For this purpose, we used a series of images in digital format for the years 1972, 1987, 2001 and 2013, acquired by multispectral sensors mounted on Landsat satellite platforms, for area which is the subject of experimentation, then supervised classification by Support Vector Machine (Radio Basis Function classifier RBFC) was utilized. The selection of the images available from Landsat archives was made so that their acquisition date is spread enough to better distinguish changes within the urban fabric. The results obtained confirm that urban area increased 173.32% between 1972 -1987, 55.62% between 1987 -2001 and 38.71% between 2001 -2013. Furthermore, Shannon’s entropy index shows that the city has a high level of sprawl along its urban expansion history

Méthode heuristique pour le problème de flow shop hybride avec machines dédiées

Dans ce papier, nous traitons le problème de minimisation du makespan dans un flow shop hybride à deux étages avec machines dédiées. En premier lieu, nous présentons des propriétés de base, un ensemble de bornes inférieures et deux cas polynomiaux. En second lieu, nous proposons une nouvelle heuristique qui exploite ces propriétés, et cherche à placer les jobs, en tenant compte pour chaque instance du problème, de la valeur de la borne inférieure. La dernière partie de ce travail présente les résultats expérimentaux d'une étude comparative avec une heuristique de la littérature. L'analyse de ces résultats permet d'apprécier la qualité de notre proposition

On the two-stage hybrid flow shop with dedicated machines

In this paper we develop new elimination rules and discuss several polynomially solvable cases for the two-stage hybrid flow shop problem with dedicated machines. We also propose a worst case analysis for several heuristics. Furthermore, we point out and correct several errors in the paper of Yang [J. Yang, A two-stage hybrid flow shop with dedicated machines at the first stage. Comput. Oper. Res. 40 (2013) 2836−2843]