The Impact of Culture on the Management Values and Beliefs of Korean Firms

Korea has become the object of growing international interest among scholars and practitioners because of its remarkable economic achievement in the past three decades. However, the relationship between corporate management practice and Korean cultural values has received only limited attention. This paper claims that studying espoused values and beliefs of firms should be the first step to understanding the impact of national culture on management practices. The paper first outlines several important aspects of Korean culture and them examines their impact on management values and beliefs. Next, it analyzes the contents of the management values and beliefs by examining two organizational symbols--company motto and company song. Finally, the paper discusses how management values and beliefs impact on human resource management policies and practices. The paper concludes that the Korean core cultural values of harmony, unity, and vertical social relations strongly influence Korean firms, and that these management values and beliefs play a profound role in shaping human resource practices

Locus of control as a moderator of the effects of COVID-19 perceptions on job insecurity, psychosocial, organisational and job outcomes for MENA region hospitality employees

We develop and test an integrated model to understand how individual differences based on internal or external locus of control influence the effects of COVID-19 perceptions on job insecurity, anxiety, alienation, job satisfaction, customer orientation, organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB), and turnover intention among customer service employees within hospitality organisations in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region. The investigation utilises variance-based structural equation modelling to evaluate a sample of 847 subject responses. We found that externally controlled employees are more likely to develop negative emotions resulting from pandemic-triggered job insecurity as well as poorer customer orientation and engagement in OCB due to worsened job satisfaction than those internally controlled. Wholistically, COVID-19 perceptions tend to indirectly hit externally controlled employees’ anxiety, customer orientation, and OCB more intensely than those with internal locus of control

Solar electric propulsion for Mars transport vehicles

Solar electric propulsion (SEP) is an alternative to chemical and nuclear powered propulsion systems for both piloted and unpiloted Mars transport vehicles. Photovoltaic solar cell and array technologies were evaluated as components of SEP power systems. Of the systems considered, the SEP power system composed of multijunction solar cells in an ENTECH domed fresnel concentrator array had the least array mass and area. Trip times to Mars optimized for minimum propellant mass were calculated. Additionally, a preliminary vehicle concept was designed

Developing and validating a new multi‐dimensional scale for anti‐social behavior in a higher education setting

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to construct and validate a multi-dimensional scale of Anti-social Behaviour (hereafter ASB) in a Western higher education context (i.e. USA). To achieve this, four studies, each with a different sample, were performed. Study 1 (n = 150) followed an exploratory design to generate a pool of potential items measuring ASB. Study 2 (n = 254) explored the dimensionality of the items produced in Study 1 using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and reliability measures. Study 3 (n = 654) confirmed the factorial structure from Study 2 and assessed the measurement model invariance using structural equation modelling (SEM). Finally, Study 4 (n = 287) assessed the predictive validity of the ASB measure through testing a hypothetical path model linking ASB to narcissism and Machiavellianism via an SEM procedure. In total, our research findings conclude that the ASB measurement model is a two-factor multi-dimensional structure comprising: Interpersonal Antagonistic Behaviour (six items) as well as Indirect Distractive Behaviour (four items). The research and practical implications for universities are thereafter discussed

Emission of gamma rays shifted from resonant absorption by electron-nuclear double transitions in ^{151}Eu^{2+}:CaF_2

We show that the emission of a gamma-ray photon by a nucleus can be influenced by a microwave magnetic field acting on the atomic electrons. We study theoretically these electron-nuclear double transitions (ENDTs) for ^{151}Eu nuclei in a CaF_2 lattice at low temperature, in the presence of a static magnetic field and of a microwave magnetic field. The ENDTs acquire a significant intensity for certain resonance frequencies. The ENDTs are of interest for the identification of the position of the lines in complex M\"{o}ssbauer spectra.Comment: 8 pages; 3 Postscript figures: Fig. 1, Fig. 2(a), Fig. 2(b

HV 11423: The Coolest Supergiant in the SMC

We call attention to the fact that one of the brightest red supergiants in the SMC has recently changed its spectral type from K0-1 I (December 2004) to M4 I (December 2005) and back to K0-1 I (September 2006). An archival spectrum from the Very Large Telescope reveals that the star was even cooler (M4.5-M5 I) in December 2001. By contrast, the star was observed to be an M0 I in both October 1978 and October 1979. The M4-5 I spectral types is by far the latest type seen for an SMC supergiant, and its temperature in that state places it well beyond the Hayashi limit into a region of the H-R diagram where the star should not be in hydrostatic equilibrium. The star is variable by nearly 2 mag in V, but essentially constant in K. Our modeling of its spectral energy distribution shows that the visual extinction has varied during this time, but that the star has remained essentially constant in bolometric luminosity. We suggest that the star is currently undergoing a period of intense instability, with its effective temperature changing from 4300 K to 3300 K on the time-scale of months. It has one of the highest 12-micron fluxes of any RSG in the SMC, and we suggest that the variability at V is due primarily to changes in effective temperature, and secondly, due to changes in the local extinction due to creation and dissipation of circumstellar dust. We speculate that the star may be nearing the end of its life.Comment: Accepted by the Astrophysical Journa

Taming the Invisible Monster: System Parameter Constraints for Epsilon Aurigae from the Far-Ultraviolet to the Mid-Infrared

We have assembled new Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Array Camera observations of the mysterious binary star Epsilon Aurigae, along with archival far-ultraviolet to mid-infrared data, to form an unprecedented spectral energy distribution spanning three orders of magnitude in wavelength from 0.1 microns to 100 microns. The observed spectral energy distribution can be reproduced using a three component model consisting of a 2.2+0.9/-0.8 Msun F type post-asymptotic giant branch star, and a 5.9+/-0.8 Msun B5+/-1 type main sequence star that is surrounded by a geometrically thick, but partially transparent, disk of gas and dust. At the nominal HIPPARCOS parallax distance of 625 pc, the model normalization yields a radius of 135+/-5 Rsun for the F star, consistent with published interferometric observations. The dusty disk is constrained to be viewed at an inclination of i > 87 deg, and has effective temperature of 550+/-50 K with an outer radius of 3.8 AU and a thickness of 0.95 AU. The dust content of the disk must be largely confined to grains larger than ~10 microns in order to produce the observed gray optical-infrared eclipses and the lack of broad dust emission features in the archival Spitzer mid-infrared spectra. The total mass of the disk, even considering a potential gaseous contribution in addition to the dust that produces the observed infrared excess, is << 1 Msun. We discuss evolutionary scenarios for this system that could lead to the current status of the stellar components and suggests possibilities for its future evolution, as well as potential observational tests of our model.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal

Introduction of an Electronic Mobile Device Version of an Alcohol Impairment Scale (the Hack's Impairment Index Score) Does Not Impair Nursing Assessment of Patients in Emergency Departments

BACKGROUND: There is no formal assessment to determine level of disability in the millions of patients with alcohol-induced impairment who present to emergency departments annually. Hack's Impairment Index (HII) is a standardized, serializable clinical tool designed to quantify ability. Nursing staff members at this center perform the HII and determine a score using paper prompts. OBJECTIVE: We developed an HII electronic application and investigated whether or not an electronic version on a mobile device would affect nursing performance. METHODS: A chart review-based quality improvement project compared the number, repetitions, and completeness of HII score documentation performed by nurses over 6.5 months. Group 1: paper-based HII scores for the 90-day period before intervention; group 2: iPad-based HII scores for the 90 days after intervention. There was a 2-week period for staff training and electronic version feedback between groups. Informal, ad hoc interviews were performed with nurses at investigation termination. RESULTS: Group 1: 476 emergency department patients with alcohol-induced impairment had HII scores ordered; 339 (71.2%; 95% CI, 67.1, 75.3%) had HII assessments with a total of 539 HII scores documented. An average (SD) 1.60 (0.01) serial assessments occurred per patient, 5 (1.1%; 95% CI, (0, 2.2%) scores were incomplete. Group 2: 569 alcohol-induced impairment emergency department patients were seen and had HII scores ordered; 420 (73.8%; 95% CI, (70.2, 77.4%) had HII assessments with a total of 639 HII scores documented. An average (SD) 1.52 (0.03) serial assessments occurred per patient, 4 (0.9%; 95% CI, (0.81, 0.99%) had incomplete HII scores. CONCLUSIONS: Although our study took place at 1 center, was a chart review, and not directly observed, we found that the mobile device-based HII application to determine a score did not interfere with nursing performance. Specifically, the repetition and completeness of nursing assessments of emergency department patients with impairment from alcohol use was not altered when comparing paper chart documentation with electronic format documentation. (Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2021; 82:XXX–XXX