KamLANDでの革新的なバックグラウンド低減による閾値2MeVでの8B太陽ニュートリノ測定

Tohoku University井上邦雄課

<title>Comparative photodynamic effect of rose bengal, Erythrosin B, and dihematoporphyrin ethers on lens epithelial cells</title>

The proliferation of residual lens epithelial cells (LEC) is responsible for reopacification of the lens capsule and loss of visual acuity after cataract surgery. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using Di-Hematoporphyrin Ether (DHE) was shown to kill cultured LEC. We studied 2 synthetic photodynamic drugs: Rose Bengal (RB) and Erythrosin B (EB) to determine the minimal PDT parameters. LEC located on the anterior capsule of freshly explanted rabbit lenses were subcultured for the following studies: (1) Dye uptake was evaluated by cellular fluorescence. The minimum concentrations for RB and EB after 1 minute of exposure were 1 (mu) g/ml, and 50 (mu) g/ml; (2) Cytotoxicity was evaluated by reculturing the cells, and was detectable with concentrations of 200 (mu) g/ml RB or 2000 (mu) g/ml EB; (3) The PDT effect was evaluated using concentrations of 1 to 25 (mu) g/ml of RB and 1 to 2000 (mu) g/ml of EB. The minimum parameters for PDT of cultured LEC were 0.5 (mu) g/ml of RB and 10 (mu) g/ml of EB with a 60 second 0.5 W/cm irradiation using a 514.5 nm Argon laser. To mimic the in vivo setting, LEC attached to the anterior lens capsule were incubated with EB to evaluate dye uptake. The minimum parameters were 100 (mu) g/ml and 7 minutes of exposure. RB was found most effective and may be useful, but EB was found safer and has potential for conjugation with LEC antibodies for the prevention of secondary cataracts

Androgen deprivation prior to radical prostatectomy for T2b and T3 prostate cancer

Objective. In an effort to improve on the results of radical prostatectomy for clinical stages T2b and T3 prostate cancer, a selected group of patients received androgen deprivation for three to sixteen months prior to surgery. Methods. Fifteen men with clinical T2b and 22 with small T3 tumors received a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (n = 34) or a bilateral orchiectomy (n = 3) three to sixteen months prior to radical retropubic prostatectomy. The prostate was evaluated with particular attention to tumor grade, presence of extracapsular extension, tumor at the inked margin, seminal vesicle invasion, and tumor in the lymph nodes. Results. No patient had clinical or chemical (prostate-specific antigen [PSA]) progression during androgen deprivation. The PSA level declined a mean 90 percent and remained above 4 ng/mL in only two patients. The prostate volume decreased an estimated 30–50 percent. Prostate cancer at the inked margin was found in 15 (41%) and seminal vesicle involvement in 11 (30%) patients. Five (14%) had tumor in regional lymph nodes. There was no difference in regard to positive margins or lymph node metastases between those clinically staged as T2b and those preoperatively staged as T3. Fourteen patients have received adjuvant therapy (13 androgen deprivation, one radiation therapy). None has progressed (mean follow-up, 38.4 months). Of 23 who did not receive immediate additional therapy, six (26%) had progression, as was evident from an increase in PSA and have since been treated. Only one continued to progress. Thirty-five of the 37 patients are alive. Seventeen (46%) are tumor free (PSA < 0.4 ng/mL) without further androgen deprivation. Conclusions. Only a prospective randomized trial can determine whether androgen deprivation prior to radical prostatectomy has a role. The results from this trial are encouraging for several reasons. The prostate is much smaller as a result of androgen deprivation and this may facilitate surgery. Although the great majority of these patients were expected to be margin positive, 60 percent had negative margins and only 14 percent had positive lymph nodes

インターフェロンγの腎細胞癌術後再発予防の長期成績 : 末梢血リンパ球は術後再発の指標となりえるか

This study examined the outcome of postoperative recurrence therapy on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) prevention involving treatment with single doses of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). From 1990-2000, 37 patients with no distant metastasis at the time they underwent a nephrectomy were enrolled in this investigation. Subcutaneous IFN-gamma was administered once a week. Total and differential white blood cells were counted before the pre-administration of IFN-gamma and then monthly thereafter for all patients. Blood lymphocyte subsets were analyzed phenotypically by direct immunofluorescence. Disease-free survival rates (DFSR) at 5 and 10 years were 81.7% and 75.9%, respectively. To clarify the effects of preoperative peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) and NK activity on DFSR, we categorized the patients into two groups according to the median number of PBL before the administration of IFN-gamma. Except for CD11b, PBL level had no effect on DFSR. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that CD11b levels greater than 16.5% were associated with 25.35 odds ratio increase in the risk of postoperative recurrence. A multivariate analysis found that CD11b may be an independent factor for postoperative recurrence. In terms of preventing postoperative recurrence, our results showed that an elevated CD11b level may indicate patients who can benefit from further combination therapy.[目的]腎細胞癌術後再発に対するインターフェロンγの単剤投与の有用性について検討した.[対象と方法]1990～2000年までの間に原発巣摘除時に転移病巣のない腎細胞癌37例を対象とした.インターフェロンγを毎週連続で皮下投与して末梢血のリンパ球の分画について, 投与前, 投与後各1ヵ月ごとにflow cytometryを用いて検討した.[結果]37例中7例に再発が認められ, 非再発率は5年が81.7%, 10年が75.9%であった.術後再発に関わる影響を調べるため末梢血リンパ球とNK活性について投与前の中央値でおのおの2群に分けた.CD11bとNK活性を除いて術後再発に関連は認められなかった.多変量解析の結果, 投与前CD11bが16.5%以上だと16.5%未満の症例に比較して25.35倍術後再発が高く, 逆に投与前NK活性が13%以上の症例は0.25倍術後再発が減少する.[結語]多変量解析の結果術後に補助療法としてインターフェロンγ投与した症例では, CD11bとNK活性が術後再発に関わる独立した因子であることが判明した.また腎細胞癌の術後再発予防という観点からCD11bが高く, NK活性が低い症例には, さらなるcombination therapyが必要と考えられる(著者抄録

High Tangent Radiation Therapy With Field-in-Field Technique for Breast Cancer

Purpose: We evaluated whether the field-in-field (FIF) technique improves the homogeneity of the target in high tangent radiation therapy (HTRT). Materials and Methods: This study included 30 patients. In total, 3 HTRT plans were created: 1 with conventional opposed fields (Conv-p), 1 with the FIF technique (FIF-p), and 1 with FIF technique using lung-blocked subfields (FIF-LB-p). Results: The maximum dose of the breast and planning target volume (PTV) was significantly lower for FIF-p and FIF-LB-p than Conv-p. Homogeneity index of PTV was also significantly lower for FIF-p and FIF-LB-p than Conv-p. Homogeneity index of the breast or PTV was significantly better for FIF-p than FIF-LB-p. The volumes of the breast or the PTV receiving 95% and 90% of the prescribed dose were also significantly better for FIF-p, indicating the advantages of FIF-p. Conclusions: The FIF technique was useful in HTRT and improved homogeneity in the target