Investigation on Incidence of Marek's Disease in Broiler Flocks of some Regions in Tehran Province, Iran

Marek's disease (MD) is a common lymphoproliferative disease of chickens, usually characterized bymononuclear cellular infiltration in different organs. The disease is caused by a herpes virus and istransmissible. MD has been a common, important problem for poultry industry worldwide, as well as, inour country, Iran. The aim of present study was to have an estimation of the incidence of MD in broilerflocks of some major regions of chicken rearing in Tehran province (Savojbolagh, Karaj, Shahriar andVaramin). This was implemented by 35 times visiting of some poultry slaughterhouses and thoroughlyinspection of chicken's carcasses and histopathological examination of various tissues and organs ofsuspected and normal slaughtered chickens from 80 broiler flocks, that was reared in Tehran province.Gross and microscopic examinations of chickens, in four mentioned regions, showed that 24 out of 80flocks (30%) had been infected to different forms of the disease. This result indicated that MD has a highincidence in broiler flocks of Tehran province. The incidence of cutaneous, visceral and mixed cutaneousand visceral forms in these regions (four regions) was determined as 16.2%, 3.8% and 10%, respectively.Moreover, no case of nervous and ocular forms was seen in this study. The result of the current study gives a hint for the importance and losses behind the high incidence of the MD in broiler flocks of Tehran province, Iran. Further detailed study on MD in broiler flocks and on the effectiveness of available MD vaccines in reducing the incidence and losses of the disease is recommended

A comparison of virulence of intraperitoneal infection of Burkholderia mallei strains in guinea-pigs

Male guinea pigs show high susceptibility to Burkholderia mallei and have been used as animal models in glanders studies. The purpose of our study was to elucidate glanders comparative pathogenesis in guinea pigs. We present here the histological changes and bacterial isolation that develop over time in guinea pigs inoculated intraperitoneally (IP) with two strain of B. mallei. Ten male guinea pigs were inoculated intraperitoneally with either the standard strain of Burkholderia mallei or B. mallei strain from Siberian tiger at the Tehran zoo individually, then euthanized at multiple time points post inoculation. Histopathologic changes were similar in both groups and consisted of pyogranulomatous inflammation. In the standard strain study guinea pigs, changes were first seen at 48 hours in liver and heart then in spleen, lung, and kidney at day 3. These changes generally reached maximal incidence and severity by day 3 but decreased by comparison in all tissues except the liver, lung and kidney. Changes were first seen in Siberian tiger strain study guinea pigs also at 48 hours in lung, liver and spleen. At day 3, changes were present in liver, spleen and mediastinal lymph nodes. These changes were maximal at day 4 and 5. In contrast there are differences in incidence and severity between the two strain study guinea pigs. Our findings based on histopathological study indicate that Siberian tiger strain has more severity in gross and necropsy examination but in pathologic lesion was qualitatively similar generally. Additionally, by bacterial isolation, we confirmed the presence of B. mallei

Fibromatous epulis and peripheral odontogenic fibroma in horses

Summary: Fibromatous epulis is a rare tumour in horses which is analogous to the same condition in dogs and peripheral odontogenic fibromas in man. The nomenclature is varied throughout the veterinary literature, but these tumours are most correctly known as peripheral odontogenic fibromas. Although these lesions are benign, they have a high recurrence rate in other species, so wide local excision is important to give the best possible prognosis

Detection of Echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs

Cystic Echinococcosis is an important zoonosis in the sheep rising areas of Iran. To develop a simple andreliable diagnostic method for Echinococcus infection in definitive hosts, E. granulosus polyoclonalantibodies (PolyAbs) were prepared from adult worm in rabbit. A selected PoAb was used for coproantigendetection in faecal samples obtained from animals naturally infected with Echinococcus and compared withnecropsy method. Finally, the sensitivity and specificity of the test were evaluated. The results indicated E.granulosus worms was detected in 36 (43%) of small intestine contents of dogs. The results obtained by CpAg- ELISA test showed 30 (36.14%) positive and 53 (63.86%) negative cases. The sensitivity andspecificity of CpAg-ELISA test were evaluated 83.33% and 100% respectively. In conclusion, the present result suggests that, CpAg-ELISA is a valid test for detection of E. granulosus infection in living dogs. Thus it is appropriate to apply for epidemiological study

تعیین عامل ریزش مو و درمان مؤثر آن در خرگوش های آزمایشگاهی

در جمعیت خرگوش‌های آزمایشگاهی پرورشی نژاد هلندی(Dutch) بطور همزمان در تعدادی (16 از مجموع 22) نوزاد در محدوه سنی 65-45 روزگی، ریزش مو (طاسی) در ناحیه بالای سر، مشاهده که بعد از یک هفته بطور کامل بدون مو می‌شدند. برای تعیین علت ریزش مو پس از مشاهده و لمس ناحیه مو ریخته، هیچگونه علائمی مبنی بر وجود تورم، آبسه و تومور، احساس نگردید. در تراشه‌های پوست، در زیر میکروسکوپ انگل‌های خارجی مشاهده نگردید. همچنین در نمونه‌های پوست خراشیده شده، پس از رنگ‌آمیزی لاکتو فنل کاتن بلو و نیز رنگ آمیزی اختصاصی PAS، هیچ شواهدی از بیماری های قارچی وجود نداشت. نتیجه کشت در محیط های اختصاصی باکتریایی و قارچی نیز منفی بود. در بررسی آسیب شناسی، ضایعه آسیب شناختی خاصی مشاهده نشد. در مقاطع بافتی تهیه شده جهت التهاب پوستی قارچی، هیچ نشانه خاصی مشاهده نگردید. در کالبد گشایی حیوانات، ضایعات آسیب شناختی در اندام ها و بافت‌های مختلف مشاهده نشد. پس از منتفی شدن عوامل عفونی نسبت به آنالیز کامل پلت غذایی خرگوش‌ها اقدام و مشخص گردیده که در مقادیر انرژی غذا، درصد پروتئین و میزان فیبر خام، کاهش قابل ملاحظه‌ای برای خرگوش‌های در حال رشد وجود دارد. مقدار روی و سایر فاکتورهای غذایی، در محدوده نرمال قرار داشتند. از آنجاکه کمبود بعضی از عوامل غذایی بویژه پروتئین و فیبرخام باعث ریزش مو در خرگوش‌ها می‌شود، بعد از افزودن مقادیر پروتئین، انرژی و فیبر و موازنه دقیق، جیره غذایی با فرمول جدید آماده گردید. خرگوش های مبتلا در دو قفس جداگانه در دو گروه هفت تایی تقسیم شدند. به گروه اول خرگوش‌های با ریزش مو، جیره غذایی جدید و گروه دیگر همانند قبل از غذای قبلی داده شد. پس از 20 روز در گروه 1 رشد مجدد مو در منطقه بدون مو آغاز شد و پس از 10 روز پوشش مو در آنها کامل گردید. اما در خرگوش های گروه 2، بصورت بدون مو باقی ماندند. با درمان مؤثر در گروه 1، عملیات مشابه برای گروه 2 تکرار گردید که آنها نیز بعد از 30-20 روز بطور کامل تحت درمان قرار گرفتند. با نتایج بدست آمده از این تحقیق جهت پیشگیری از اختلالات مختلف، از جمله ریزش مو، فرمول جدید بعنوان تأمین کننده مناسب مواد غذایی برای مرحله رشد به جمعیت پرورشی خرگوش‌های آزمایشگاهی معرفی گردید

Determination of hair loss (alopecia) cause and effective treatment in laboratory rabbits

In number (16 of 22) of infants in the Dutch laboratory rabbit breeding colony, in aged 45-65 days old, hair loss (alopecia) seen at the top of the head and around a week after the hair fall, was created in a state of complete alopecia. For determination of the cause of hair loss, after the observation and palpation thealopecic area, there have not been any swelling, abscesses, tumors. In skin scrapings, has not revealed the presence of any ectoparasite. Also in scratched skin samples, after lacto phenol cotton blue and specific PAS staining, there was no evidence of fungal disease. The result of bacterial and fungal culture in specific media was negative. On histopathological examination, no specific pathologic lesion was observed. For fungal dermatitis, there were no specific signs in histological sections. In autopsies of animal, certain pathological lesions were not observed in various organs and tissues. After being excluded infectious agents, full analysis of rabbit food pellet done and was determined, the amount of food energy, the percentage of food protein and crude fiber that showed a significant reduction for growing rabbits. The zincvalue and the other dietary factors, were in the normal range. Since lack of dietary factors, especially protein and crude fiber cause hair loss in rabbits, accurate balancing the diet and the addition of protein, energy and dietary fiber, the diet with a new formula prepared. The affected rabbits were divided in two separated cagesas two groups of seven animals each. The new diet was given in the first group of alopecic rabbits and the other group as before, the previous diet was given. After 20 days in group 1 re-growing hair in the alopecic area began and the hair covering was full after 10 days. but group 2, still remained alopecic. With effectivetreatment in group 1, the same operation for group 2 had done which they were treated completely 20-30 days later too. By the results of this research, for the prevention of various disorders, including alopecia, the new formula as a food supplier for the growth stage was introduced to the laboratory rabbit breeding colony

Experimental study on histopathological changes and tissue tropism of Iranian infectious bronchitis serotype 793/B-like virus in SPF chickens

Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is prevalent in all countries with intensive poultry flocks. This disease is characterised primarily by respiratory signs, but some IBV strains may also infect other organs such as the intestinal and urogenital tracts. The aim of this study was to characterise the histopathological lesions and tissue tropism of Iranian isolate IR/773/2001(793/B) of avian infectious bronchitis virus in different organs of experimentally infected SPF chickens. Forty-two one-day-old, specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks were divided randomly into two groups (21 chicks to each group). At the age of 12 days, one group was inoculated intra-ocularly with 103 EID50 of the 793/B isolate, and the other was kept as the control group. Tissue samples were collected at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 days post-inoculation (PI). The IBV virus was detected in the caecal tonsils and cloaca from the 2nd to the 12th day PI. The virus was also detected in the kidneys from days 4–10 PI and in the bursa of Fabricius from days 4–12 PI. The virus was detected in the trachea, lungs and thymus. The most obvious histopathological lesions were found in the trachea, kidney, lungs and bursa of Fabricius. Amongst the lymphoid tissues, histopathological changes were found most frequently in the bursa of Fabricius. The results of this study indicated that the 793/B serotype of IBV is unlikely to cause mortality, severe clinical signs or gross lesions in infected chickens, but its replication in some tissues including the bursa of Fabricius could render birds susceptible to other micro-organisms