A study on biogas technology in Bangladesh

The anaerobic digestive method has the advantage of low or no energy consumption in operation, less sludge left and small land occupancy. The use of anaerobic digestive method for the treatment of various organic wastes from domestic, commercial, industrial and agricultural sources generates biogas (a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide, which is being used as energy) and preserves the nutrients which are recycled back to the agricultural land in the form of slurry. The relevance of biogas technology in Bangladesh lies in the fact that it makes the best possible utilization of various organic wastes (which have no or little economic value at the present moment) as a renewable source of clean energy in the rural and semi-urban areas. The implementation of biogas technology has a great potential of mitigating several problems related to ecological imbalance, minimise crucial fuel demand, improve hygiene and health and therefore, there is an overall improvement in quality of life in rural and semi-urban areas. This paper is aimed to highlight the potential of biogas technology in the Bangladesh context, and to identify the problems and research needs in this field

Simultaneous determination of amoxicillin and chloramphenicol and their drug interaction study by the validated UPLC method

AbstractA new UPLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of amoxicillin and chloramphenicol in pharmaceutical formulations. Drugs were resolved on Shim-Pack XR-ODS (2mm i.d.×50mm, particle size 2.2μm) reverse-phase column, utilizing a mobile phase of methanol:0.0025M ammonium acetate in the initial ratio 40:60 (v/v) at a gradient program. The mobile phase was pumped at a flow rate of 0.25mL/min with detection at 220nm. 10μL volume of sample was injected by the auto sampler. Separation was completed within 2.72±0.03min. Calibration curves were linear with correlation coefficient 0.999 over a studied concentration range of 10μgmL−1 for both drugs. Method was found to be reproducible with relative standard deviation (RSD) for intra- and interday precision to be <1.5% over the said concentration range. The mean recovery of the drug from the standard solution was 99.39%. LOD was found to be 0.03 and 0.025μgmL−1 for amoxicillin and chloramphenicol, respectively. The proposed method is simple, fast, accurate, precise and reproducible hence, it can be applied for routine quality control analysis of amoxicillin and chloramphenicol in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. Furthermore, study revealed that adverse drug interaction due to their concomitant use is not from pharmaceutical interaction

Screening of organochlorine insecticides (DDT and heptachlor) in dry fish available in Bangladesh

The concentrations of organochlorine insecticides DDT and heptachlorwere investigated to estimate the current status of insecticidesused in dry fish. The most popular dry fish– ribbon fish (Chhuri),shrimp (Chingri) and bombay duck (Loittya) were selected for thisstudy and these dry fishes were collected from different markets ofDhaka and Chittagong. The range of DDT used in all the samples was3.038 ppb to 874.966 ppb. The range of DDT in ribbon fish 131.611 ppb to 149.430 ppb, in shrimp 3.038 ppb to 318.206 ppb and in bombayduck 61.918 ppb to 874.966 ppb was found. The range of heptachlorused in all the samples was 0.682 ppb to 5.464 ppb. The range ofheptachlor in ribbon fish 1.710 ppb to 2.306 ppb, in shrimp 0.682 ppbto 3.806 ppb and in bombay duck 1.762 ppb to 5.464 ppb was found.The heptachlor was not found in ribbon fish (CTG-2), shrimp (DHK-2and CTG-1) and bombay duck (DHK-1). The concentration of heptachlorin dry fish compare to DDT was found too much less

System biology approaches to identify hub genes linked with ECM organization and inflammatory signaling pathways in schizophrenia pathogenesis

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a chronic and devastating mental illness that affects around 20 million individuals worldwide. Cognitive deficits and structural and functional changes of the brain, abnormalities of brain ECM components, chronic neuroinflammation, and devastating clinical manifestation during SZ are likely etiological factors shown by affected individuals. However, the pathophysiological events associated with multiple regulatory pathways involved in the brain of this complex disorder are still unclear. This study aimed to develop a pipeline based on bioinformatics and systems biology approaches for identifying potential therapeutic targets involving possible biological mechanisms from SZ patients and healthy volunteers. About 420 overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from three RNA-seq datasets were identified. Gene ontology (GO), and pathways analysis showed several biological mechanisms enriched by the commonly shared DEGs, including extracellular matrix organization (ECM) organization, collagen fibril organization, integrin signaling pathway, inflammation mediated by chemokines and cytokines signaling pathway, and GABA-B receptor II and IL4 mediated signaling. Besides, 15 hub genes (FN1, COL1A1, COL3A1, COL1A2, COL5A1, COL2A1, COL6A2, COL6A3, MMP2, THBS1, DCN, LUM, HLA-A, HLA-C, and FBN1) were discovered by comprehensive analysis, which was mainly involved in the ECM organization and inflammatory signaling pathway. Furthermore, the miRNA target of the hub genes was analyzed with the random-forest-based approach software miRTarBase. In addition, the transcriptional factors and protein kinases regulating overlapping DEGs in SZ, namely, SUZ12, EZH2, TRIM28, TP53, EGR1, CSNK2A1, GSK3B, CDK1, and MAPK14, were also identified. The results point to a new understanding that the hub genes (fibronectin 1, collagen, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and lumican) in the ECM organization and inflammatory signaling pathways may be involved in the SZ occurrence and pathogenesis

Cooking

washing and cooking effect on dietary intak