ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITE FROM HABENARIA INTERMEDIA D. DON FOR SCREENING OF HEPATOPROTECITVE POTENTIAL AGAINST CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED TOXICITY IN ALBINO RAT LIVER

The purpose of the study was to isolate the coumarin glycoside constituent from the ethyl acetate fraction of tubers of Habenaria intermedia D. Don by column chromatography using the gradient elution technique. The isolated coumarin glycoside was characterized by spectral studies and screened for hepatoprotecitve potential on CCl4 induced toxicity in rat liver. The coumarin glycoside (Scopoletin) protective activity was evaluated by the assay of liver function biochemical parameters such as SGOT, SGPT, Bilirubin, total protein and histopathological studies of the liver. Results showed that the toxic effect of CCl4 was controlled significantly by restoration of the levels of serum bilirubin, proteins and enzymes as compared to the normal and standard drug Silymarin treated groups. Histology of the liver sections of the rats treated with isolated coumarin glycoside showed the presence of normal hepatic cords, absence of necrosis and fatty infiltration, which further substantiated hepatoprotecitve activity. Therefore, outcome of the present study ascertains that the isolated coumarin glycoside possesses significant hepatoprotecitve activity

Biological assay of cholera vaccinea

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Optimum and Limiting Hydrogen Ion Concentrations for the Growth of the Plague Bacillus in Broth

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Optimum and Limiting Temperatures for the Growth of the Plague Bacillus in Broth

It has become customary to grow pathogenic organisms in the laboratory at 37°C. This practice seems to be based on the belief that those organisms "which have adapted themselves to a saprophytic or parasitic life in relation with warm-blooded animals have an optimal temperature round 370C. to 38°C. " (An-drewes, 1930). This belief does not appear to be based on any exact measure-ment of optimum growth temperatures for the various organisms concerned. In the case of Pasteurella pestis, at least, it has long been recognized by most workers that it grows "poorly above 35°C. " though there is still a wide differ-ence of opinion ' as to the temperature at which optimum growth results. One of the present authors (Sokhey 1939b) had found the temperature for optimum growth in broth to be about 2700. More recently Spicer (1940) has reported that, "the optimum temperature for the growth of a Type III pneumococcus strain was found to be 27°C." In the case of P. pestis early workers, quoted by Albrecht and Gohn (1900), found the optimum growth to result at 37°C.; later workers, as reported in standard textbooks, put the optimum growth temperature at 25°C. to 300C.

Casein hydrolysate cholera vaccinea

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Treatment of bubonic plague with sulfonamides and antibiotics

To assess the curative value of different drugs in bubonic plague infection, white mice were infected in the laboratory with living Pasteurella pestis, and the treatment with the drug to be tested was begun either 48 or 72 hours after infection, it taking 48-72 hours for the development in mice of septicaemia—the decisive factor in plague infection. Sulfathiazole, sulfapyridine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfadiazine, antiplague serum, penicillin, streptomycin, aureomycin, chloramphenicol, and oxytetracycline were tested. Sulfapyridine and penicillin gave no protection, but the remainder had a curative effect in 50% or more of the animals. The antibiotics, in particular, with the exception of penicillin, protected 90%-100%